Salata v. United States

286 F. 125 | 6th Cir. | 1923

PER CURIAM.

In the progress of the trial in the District Court of the plaintiff in error, John Salata, upon an indictment charging him with the unlawful possession of distilled liquor fit for beverage purposes, and intended for use in violation of title 2 of the National Prohibition Act (41 Stat. 307), C. F. Beilstein, a federal prohibition agent, located at Youngstown, Ohio1, was called as. a witness on behalf of the government, and testified in reference to procuring a search warrant, authorizing search of Salata’s place of business and residence, as follows:

“The warrant was prepared and issued to me on the blank form issued by . the municipal court of the city of Youngstown, and Mr. Oarney, the clerk of the municipal court, of Youngstown, issued the warrant to me. * * * There had been a report came into the office that there wás liquor being dispensed in-his place of business. I had no knowledge as to who made that report, and I did not have any knowledge other than this report that liquor was being sold there. I had the clerk issue the warrant upon hearsay evidence that liquor was being sold there.”

Thereupon the defendant objected to the admission in evidence of any liquor found and seized by the searching officers upon authority of this search warrant. The objection was overruled and exceptions noted.

It is clear from the uncontradicted testimony of the federal prohibition agent, Beilstein, that this search warrant was hot issued by any one having authority to issue the same, nor, as required by statute, upon probahle cause, supported by affidavit.

The objection to the introduction of this liquor in evidence was overruled by the trial court, for .the reason that the objection to the validity of the search warrant and the application for redelivery of the liquor to Salata were not made within a reasonable time after the alleged illegal seizure, and that, therefore, the court -was not required to halt the trial to determine the collateral issue of whether evidence, otherwise competent, had been unlawfully acquired. Adams v. New York, 192 U. S. 585, 24 Sup. Ct. 372, 48 L. Ed. 575; Weeks v. U. S., 232 U. S. 383, 34 Sup. Ct. 341, 58 L. Ed. 652, L. R. A. 1915B, 834, Ann. Cas. 1915C, 1177; U. S. v. O’Dowd (D. C.) 273 Fed. 600,

While there does not appear to be any conflict in the authorities in reference to this general rule, yet in this particular case the defendant’s objection to the admission in evidence of the property taken and testimony concerning the same,- tendered no collateral issue of fact because the facts Were not in dispute. These facts were disclosed to the court by the uncontradicted testimony of the government's witness, the federal prohibition agent, who had procured the warrant and made the search and seizure.

The question here presented is substantially the same question, arising upon practically the same state of facts as the question decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in Amos v. U. S., 255 U. S. 313, 41 Sup. Ct. 266, 65 L. Ed. 654, in which case it was held that:

“When it is clear and undisputed that property used in evidence against a defendant on a criminal trial was procured by the government through an unconstitutional’seareh and seizure in his home, his petition for its return is not too late when made immediately after the jury was sworn, and his motion to exclude the property, and testimony concerning it, from evidence should not be denied as inviting a collateral issue.”

To the same effect is Gouled v. U. S., 255 U. S. 298, 41 Sup. Ct. 261, 65 L. Ed. 647.

The further claim of the United States, that the plaintiff waived any constitutional right he might have had, and gave to these officers full permission to search his premises, regardless of the validity of the search warrant, is not sustained by the evidence. The witness, Beilstein, testified that, when he handed this search warrant to Salata and told him it was a search warrant to search his premises, Salata said:

“ ‘Go ahead; you have full liberty to go all through the place.’ I do not say that he used the word ‘liberty,’ but he did say ‘Go ahead.’ ”

Upon the presentation of what appeared to be a valid search warrant Salata had no choice other than to permit the officers to make the search that the warrant purported to authorize. At that time and under those circumstances neither the words “Go ahead,” nor “Go ahead; you have full liberty to go all through the place,” can he construed as an invitation on the part of Salata to' search his premises without a search warrant, but rather that it was not his intention or purpose to offer any resistance to the officers in the performance of their duty under what he believed, and had a right to believe, was a valid search warrant issued by competent authority on a proper showing of probable cause.

For the reasons above stated, the judgment of the District Court is reversed and cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.