Order Granting Motion to Dismiss
This matter is before the Court on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Amended Complaint (Doc. 16).
• Plaintiff Matthew Sahm filed this suit against Defendant Miami University after the University expelled him for a violation of the University’s Code of Student Conduct. Miami University moved for dismissal. In an Order dated January 7, 2015, the Court dismissed with prejudice nine of Sahm’s eleven claims for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. (Doc. 14 at PagelD 126.) The Court determined that the remaining two claims, both asserting Title IX violations, also were legally deficient. (Id. at PagelD 121-26.) However, the Court granted Sahm leave to amend the Title IX claims to incorporate allegations based on extrinsic evidence which he purported would be sufficient to establish that Miami University was motivated by gender bias. (Doc. 14 at PagelD 124-26.)
On January 30, 2015, Sahm timely filed an Amended Complaint (Doc. 15) reasserting two Title IX claims. Miami University now has moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint. The matter is fully briefed and ripe for resolution. For the reasons that follow, the Court will GRANT the Motion to Dismiss.
I. BACKGROUND
A.P., a female student at Miami University, accused Sahm of sexually assaulting her on the night of August 31, 2013. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 127, 129.) Sahm denies that he sexually assaulted A.P. (Id.) Miami University conducted disciplinary proceedings against Sahm regarding the sexual assault charge, but Sahm alleges that the proceedings were conducted in an unfair manner. (Id. at PagelD 127, 133-37.) Miami University determined to expel Sahm and upheld the decision upon two levels of appeals. (Id. at PagelD 135-37.)
Sahm alleges new facts in the Amended Complaint intended to be sufficient to establish that Miami University discriminated against him on the basis of his gender during the disciplinary proceedings. Several of the new allegations concern the conduct of Susan Tobergte, a part-time member of the University’s Police Department and a member of its Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Assault. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 133; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 247.) Sahm alleges that Tobergte served as the University’s Title IX investigator and conducted the investigation into Sahm’s alleged assault of A.P. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 133.) Tobergte interviewed Sahm and A.T., A.P.’s sorority sister, about the incident. (Id. at PagelD 133, 138.) Tobergte did not disclose her positions with the Police Department or on the Task Force to Sahm or A.T. (Id. at PagelD 133, 138.) Tobergte discouraged A.T. from testifying at Sahm’s disciplinary hearing and she told A.T. to “Google” facts and statistics about campus sexual assaults. (Id. at PagelD 138, 145.) Tobergte later offered opinion testimony to the Disciplinary Board which conducted Sahm’s disciplinary hearing. Tobergte did not disclose her role as a
Sahm also makes a series of allegations regarding what he describes as “a history of problems on how the University has dealt with sexual assault allegations on campus, resulting in law suits and bad publicity.” (Id. at PagelD 141.) The Court will set out these allegations in roughly chronological order. To begin, a Cincinnati Enquirer article dated February 1, 2003 reported that four female students at the University reported separate sexual assaults occurring off-campus during one weekend in January 2003. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 141; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 214.) The suspects in each assault were also Miami University students. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 214.) The article also discussed a sexual assault awareness program the University held during freshman orientation weekend with information specifically for male students. (Id.)
Around 2006, Miami University created a strategic planning group created to improve the way the University addressed sexual assault prevention, intervention, and support. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 141; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 218-19.) The University’s Sexual Assault Task Group issued a written report in 2006. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 250-86.) The 2006 Report stated that the student culture at the University “encourages heterosexual gender roles of male entitlement and conquest” and that sexual aggression was one of the largest issues facing its female students. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 258, 269, 271.) The Report also recognized that the University had not kept up with best practices and that it needed to train its disciplinary board members regarding sexual assault. (Id. at PagelD 253, 284.)
Seven sexual assaults were reported to the campus police in 2008. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 142; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 222.) One media report stated that Miami University reported twenty-seven sexual assaults between 2009 and 2011. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 226-27.)
An article from the Dayton Daily News dated February 19, 2010 discussed incidents in which three women reported separate incidents of rape or sexual assault over the course of three weeks. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 142; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 222-23.) The article also discussed the police department’s statement that alcohol was a factor in most crimes at the University, and the article discussed the University’s efforts to raise awareness about sexual assaults. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 222-23.)
An article in the Huffington Post first issued on October 24, 2012 and then updated on December 24, 2012, discussed a disturbing incident in which a flyer entitled “Top Ten Ways to Get Away with Rape” was found in a men’s restroom in a coed dormitory at Miami University. (Doc. 15 at PagelD 142; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 226-27.) The author of the article criticized the University’s response to the incident. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 226-27.) She criticized the University for not keeping its sexual assault and prevention website up to date and for allowing the position of sexual assault prevention coordinator to remain vacant for more than one year. (Id.) However, the author did acknowledge that the University disciplined the students who had posted the flyer and held a mandatory education session for the male students living in that dormitory. (Id.)
Four media articles published in the months of October and November 2013 discussed a lawsuit filed against Miami University in Butler County, Ohio by a
Finally, a City Beat article dated November 20, 2013 criticized the University for allowing the position of sexual assault response coordinator to remain vacant for approximately one year before filling it in April 2013. (Id. at PageID 232.)
II. STANDARDS GOVERNING MOTIONS TO DISMISS
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows a party to move to dismiss a complaint for “failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). A district court “must read all well-pleaded allegations of the complaint as true.” Weiner v. Klais and Co., Inc.,
A complaint must contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R.Civ.P. 8(a). To withstand a dismissal motion, a complaint “does not need detailed factual allegations,” but it must contain “more than labels and conclusions [or] a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly,
III. ANALYSIS
Sahm alleges that the University violated Title IX in the way it conducted the disciplinary proceedings against him which led to his dismissal. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 provides generally that “[n]o person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” 20 U.S.C. § 1681(a). Sahm asserts claims for Title IX under two separate theories of relief, erroneous outcome and deliberate indifference. (Doc. 15 at PageID 144-46.) In a typical erroneous outcome case, the plaintiff “attack[s the] university disciplinary proceeding on grounds of gender bias” by arguing that the plaintiff “was innocent and wrongly found to have committed an offense.” Yusuf v. Vassar Coll., 35 F.3d
Miami University moves to dismiss the Title IX claims arguing that Sahm’s allegations are insufficient to raise an inference of gender bias. A plaintiff must prove gender bias against the defendant under either theory of Title IX. See 20 U.S.C. § 1681(a) (prohibiting discrimination “on the basis of sex”). For example, a plaintiff bringing an erroneous outcome claim must plead two elements: (1) facts sufficient to cast doubt as to the accuracy of the outcome of the disciplinary proceeding and (2) a causal connection between the flawed outcome and gender bias. Yusuf,
The factual allegations in the Amended Complaint do not satisfy any of these traditional means of demonstrating gender bias. First, Sahm has not alleged that any members of the disciplinary tribunal made statements indicating gender bias. Sec-, ond, the allegations regarding Susan To-bergte, the Title IX investigator for the charges against Sahm, are not sufficient to establish gender bias even if true. The thrust of the allegations against Tobergte appears to be that her multiple roles as a part-time police officer, a member of the Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Assault, and a Title IX investigator made her biased against Sahm during her investigation of the alleged assault of A.P. The factual assertion that she discouraged a witness from testifying at the disciplinary hearing is troubling. However, these facts pleaded against Tobergte do not suggest a gender bias against males so much as against students accused of sexual assault.
Demonstrating that a university official is biased in favor of the alleged victims of sexual assault claims, and against the alleged perpetrators, is not the equivalent of demonstrating bias against male students. See Bleiler v. College of Holy Cross, No. 11-11541-DJC,
Third, Sahm has not established a pattern of biased decision making by the University. The Sixth Circuit has noted that “one case by an individual who was subjectively dissatisfied with the result [of a disciplinary proceeding] does not constitute a pattern of decisionmaking..” Mallory,
In addition, the Court agrees with Miami University that this case is materially distinguishable from a recent case against Xavier University in. which the district court refused to dismiss an erroneous outcome Title IX claim. See Wells v. Xavier Univ.,
Sahm’s evidence is materially different. Media accounts about prior incidents of alleged sexual assault which occurred between 2003 and 2011 do not demonstrate gender bias on the part of the University. The prior incidents are too remote in time to be even circumstantial evidence in. this case absent specific allegations which would connect the incidents to the University’s disciplinary proceedings against Sahm. Cf. Worthy v. Mich. Bell Tele. Co.,
The media reports concerning Mirlisena v. Miami University, Inc., No. CV 2013 10 2933 (Butler Cty. C.P.)—the lawsuit filed against the University for failing to expel a male student accused of sexual misconduct — do not give rise to an inference gender bias for a different reason. The relevant events in this case precede the media coverage of Mirlisena. The University held the disciplinary hearing for Sahm in September 2013, denied his initial appeal on October 18, 2013, and denied his final appeal on November 1, 2013. (Doc. 15 at PageID 133, 136-37; Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 195, 197-98.) The Mirlisena case was not filed in the common pleas court until October 24, 2013. See Docket, No. CV 2013 10 2933 (Butler Cty., Ohio C.P.) The media articles discussing the lawsuit were not published until November 2013. (Doc. 20-1 at PageID 230, 234, 237, 241.) On the bare facts alleged, the negative media attention generated by the lawsuit cannot be said to have influenced disciplinary proceedings which concluded before the media reports were published.
The 2006' Sexual Assault Report also is not relevant evidence of gender bias. Sahm pleads no facts demonstrating a connection between the creation of a Sexual Assault Task Group in 2006 and the manner in which his sexual assault charge was adjudicated seven years later in 2013. The comments in the report regarding a culture of male entitlement and sexual aggression are remote in time from the Sahm incident. Moreover, only two current members of the fourteen-member Task Force for the Prevention of Sexual Assault, Dr. Sally Lloyd and Dr. John Ward, were members of the Sexual Assault Task Group who worked on the report in 2006. (Doc. 20-1 at PagelD 247, 269.) Neither the Task Force itself, nor Dr. Lloyd nor Dr. Ward, are alleged to have played in role in Sahm’s disciplinary proceedings.
In sum, the Court concludes that the allegations put forward do not raise an inference of gender bias on the part of Miami University when examined in context. Sahm has failed to state a claim for violation of Title IX upon which relief can be granted.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will GRANT Defendant Miami University’s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Amended Complaint (Doc. 16).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Notes
. The parameters for a Title IX claim based on deliberate indifference are unsettled within the Sixth Circuit. At least one district court in the Sixth Circuit has held that the sexual harassment is a “critical component” of a Title IX deliberate indifference claim. See Doe v. Univ. of the South,