242 N.W.2d 769 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1976
SAGINAW TOWNSHIP
v.
STANULIS
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Crane, Kessel & Crane, for plaintiff.
Gilbert, Eaton & Leak, for defendant.
Before: McGREGOR, P.J. and D.E. HOLBROOK, JR. and M.J. KELLY, JJ.
McGREGOR, P.J.
Saginaw Township instituted proceedings against the defendant for the purpose of condemning 3.47 acres of defendant's land in order to expand the township's solid waste disposal facility. At the conclusion of a condemnation hearing in which the defendant appeared in propria persona, the jury entered a verdict approving the condemnation and awarding the defendant $4,000 as compensation. On April 1, 1974, the trial court entered a judgment confirming the jury's findings. The defendant now appeals as of right from that judgment.
Defendant raises several issues for our consideration, only one of which need be discussed, as it requires a reversal in this matter.
During his closing argument, plaintiff's attorney made the following statement to the jury:
"So, we come down, then, to the question of value, *316 and I guess because I pay a lot of taxes, myself, I get a little resentful at being held up and that's how I feel in this case. We are looking to you to not let this happen. We are only asking that you give him a fair value, giving him even the benefit of the doubt and that is $4,000."
This argument is improper for two reasons. First, as a general rule, it is improper to argue to a condemnation jury that they, as taxpayers, will ultimately bear the cost of whatever compensation damages they award. See Propriety and Effect, in Eminent Domain Proceedings, of Argument or Evidence as to Source of Funds to Pay for Property, 19 ALR3d 694.
Secondly, the statement strongly implies that the defendant was attempting to "hold up" the taxpayers by seeking an inordinate sum for his property and that, as a result, the jurors, as taxpayers, should feel resentful toward the defendant. We find this statement to be improper and, coming from an attorney representing the public interest, inexcusable.
Having found these remarks to be improper, we are now presented with the issue of whether, under the circumstances of this case, they are sufficiently prejudicial to require the granting of a new trial. Where, as here, the remarks are deliberately injected into the proceedings and constitute an inflammatory plea to the jurors' passions, even though not objected to by the defendant acting in pro per, under all of such circumstances, we hold them to be sufficiently prejudicial.
In reaching this result, we are guided by the language of In re Widening Woodward Ave, 297 Mich 235, 245-246; 297 NW 468 (1941):
"`The general principle underlying all these cases is *317 that the parties are entitled to a fair trial on the merits of the case, uninfluenced by appeals to passion or prejudice.'
* * *
"It is a general principle that remarks calculated to prejudice a jury are improper * * *.
"It is the duty of lawyers to try their lawsuit to the end that justice may prevail. In our opinion, the remarks of counsel were of such a nature as to deflect the attention of the jury from the issues involved and had a controlling influence on its verdict.
"While it is regrettable that this case must be sent back for retrial, with the costs and expenses incident thereto, it is of more importance that a cause be properly tried and that a verdict reflect and evaluate the rights of the interested parties."
Although in a normal case we might make a finding of harmless error as to the improper remarks made by plaintiff's attorney during his closing argument, the deliberate and calculating manner in which these comments were made and the fact that defendant, proceeding as his own attorney, was completely mismatched against plaintiff's experienced counsel, requires us to find reversible error.
Judgment reversed and a new trial granted. Costs to defendant-appellant.
D.E. HOLBROOK, JR., J., concurred.
M.J. KELLY, J. (dissenting).
The jury in this case in the course of the trial was taken out to view the premises and had ample opportunity to place the property in context with the abutting property and the more expensive property on Center Road and on West Michigan Avenue. I agree with the majority that the remarks in question were prejudicial, however I disagree that reversal is warranted. The offending remarks are brief and do not constitute a *318 theme calculated to persuade the jury to place its own interests in advance of its oath or indeed in contravention to the detailed instructions delivered by the court at the conclusion of argument.
The determinative point in my mind is that the error could easily have been cured. If defendant-appellant had been represented by counsel I do not believe that the argument presented here would receive such a sympathetic ear. I am disinclined to favor the appellant because of his in propria persona status over the posture that would have been presented here, had both sides been represented by competent counsel.
I favor leaving to the trial judge the decision as to whether or not interruption should be made in in pro per cases to balance the impact where an attorney would appear to attempt to take unfair advantage over an unrepresented litigant. I would affirm on the basis that no objection to the argument having been made at trial, the issue is not preserved for review, and the trial court correctly covered the elements of damage in its instructions to the jury.
