763 N.E.2d 1238 | Ohio Ct. App. | 2001
Plaintiff-appellant, Jamshid Sabouri, appeals from a judgment of the Ohio Court of Claims dismissing his complaint as being time-barred by the applicable statute of limitations.
Appellant, proceeding pro se, filed a complaint on November 21, 2000, against defendant-appellee, Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, alleging a cause of action for defamation based on e-mails sent by appellee's employees on September 29, 1999. Appellee filed a motion to dismiss in lieu of an answer, asserting that appellant's defamation claim was time-barred by the one-year statute of limitations as provided in R.C.
On appeal, appellant asserts five assignments of error:
"1. The Court of Claims of Ohio erred and did not take into consideration the matter of Equitable Tolling, in spite of the fact that the case/claim had been originally filed with the U.S. District Court on April 13, 2000 in timely manner. It was transferred and filed in Ohio Court of Claims according to the U.S. District Court, Because of the State immunity matter and the lack of jurisdiction[.] [Sic.]
"2. The Court of Claims of Ohio erred and did not take into consideration that the U.S. District Court did not ruled on this case for almost seven months, as I believe this period of time should be tolled[.] [Sic.]
"3. In similar situation when the case when petitioner had brought an action within the court of competent jurisdiction the U.S. Supreme Court has accepted the matter of `Equitable Tolling' and rule that `lifting thebar of a statute of limitations so as to restore a remedy lost throughmere lapse of time is not unconstitutional' Cf. Chase Securities Corp.v. Donaldson,
"4. Further, the Court of Claim of Ohio did not take into consideration other aspects of the claim that as it is a civil action (retaliation, harassment and defamation) against state which is allowed to be pursued within two years of the date of occurrence based on (2743.01 to 2743.20) as indicate in R.C.
"5. The Court of claim of Ohio erred and did not consider the fact that the Appellees Have violated Internet/communication law by sending and disseminating false, retaliatory, and defamatory information that constitutes also the act of harassment and staking committed by Appellees in accordance to internet/communication law as being traveled across the states. [Sic.]"
Appellant is an employee of appellee. Appellant filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio in 1997, raising various claims including employment discrimination and retaliation. During the course of discovery in that case, in March 2000, appellant became aware of the e-mails that are the subject of this claim. Appellant then filed a motion to amend his pending complaint a second time to include new defendants as to his existing claims, as well as raising the claim of defamation based upon the e-mails. In a decision filed October 24, 2000, the Federal District Court denied appellant's motion to amend his complaint to include the defamation and conspiracy to commit defamation claims because that court concluded that it lacked jurisdiction over a state-law claim against the state where the state had not waived its Eleventh Amendment immunity. Appellant then filed this action in the Court of Claims.
We address appellant's five assignments of error together because they are interrelated. Essentially, appellant argues that the Court of Claims erred by dismissing his complaint. We disagree.
This court summarized the standard of review for a motion to dismiss under Civ.R. 12(B) in Leichliter v. Natl. City Bank of Columbus (1999),
"A motion to dismiss is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. State ex rel. Hanson v. Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs. (1992),
Additionally, this court indicated that a motion to dismiss is a proper avenue for raising the affirmative defense of the statute of limitations when the bar of the statute of limitations is apparent from the face of the complaint. Id. at 32,
Initially, we note that appellant elected to proceed pro se in bringing this action and in pursuing this appeal. It is well established that prose litigants are presumed to have knowledge of the law and legal procedures and that they are held to the same standard as litigants who are represented by counsel. Kilroy v. B.H. Lakeshore Co. (1996),
The trial court construed the allegations of appellant's pro se complaint as a defamation claim, as did the federal district court when it denied appellant's motion to amend his pending complaint in that court to include this claim. Appellant asserts that his action filed in the Court of Claims also included claims for retaliation, harassment, and defamation, and that the Court of Claims erred by limiting his claim to defamation. However, a review of his pro se complaint indicates that his action is based exclusively on defamation and an alleged conspiracy to use state resources (e-mail and the Internet) to commit defamation. The only mentions of retaliation and harassment in the complaint are references to his pending federal case. Moreover, it is clear that appellant brought this claim in the Court of Claims only because the federal district court refused to allow him to amend his pending federal complaint to include it. Thus, even when all reasonable inferences are made in appellant's favor as required by Civ.R. 12(B) on a motion to dismiss, the complaint may be read to assert a cause of action only for defamation. Additionally, appellant's assertion that the actions of appellee violate Internet and communications laws fails because it was raised for the first time on appeal. State ex rel. Quarto Mining Co. v.Foreman (1997),
Because appellant's cause of action is for defamation, the one-year statute of limitations of R.C.
Appellant also argues that the Court of Claims erred by not considering the doctrine of equitable tolling because he attempted to amend his federal complaint to include this claim on April 13, 2000, and because the federal district court did not rule on his motion until after the statute of limitations had run. However, as appellee asserts, there is no mechanism to transfer a case from federal district court to the Ohio Court of Claims. Thus, it was incumbent upon appellant, even as a pro se litigant, to select the proper court in which to file this action. Appellant had approximately six months from the time of discovery of the e-mails to file this action in the Court of Claims, but he did not file until November 21, 2000.
In addition, the federal case law cited by appellee regarding equitable tolling is inapposite. For example, in Chase Securities Corp. v.Donaldson (1945),
Consequently, we conclude that the Court of Claims did not err in dismissing appellant's complaint. Therefore, appellant's five assignments of error are overruled.
Based upon the foregoing reasons, appellant's five assignments of error are overruled, and the judgment of the Ohio Court of Claims is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
DESHLER and LAZARUS, JJ., concur. *656