Porter, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The petitioners sue on a draft made by the defendant, Cash, in favour of the petitioners. It is drawn at thirty days’ sight, on the house of Hagan & Co., and signed “ C *187Cash, executor of Moses Kirkland, deceased.” The cause was submitted to a jury, who found for the defendants. The plaintiffs have appealed.
.A P®S0S who signs a draft as ex. ecutor, is liable in his private capacity> ,and if he he sued as executor and there be á Kf* judgment may be given a-farast him mdm-ualiy, if it ap-baity as*sucb! was bbshed.*0 be esta"
*187On the trial the judge charged the jury. “ The presumption of law is that the executorship ceased at the end of the year and day, and made it incumbent on the party sueing an executor, in order to fix the succession he represents to shew that his letters had been renewed. That the allegations of the petition would not support an action against the executor in his individual capacity, he must be charged with having improperly and falsely described himself as executor, after his functions had ceased.” The plaintiffs filed a bill of exceptions to these opinions.
The first branch of the charge under the final view we have taken of the case, need not be noticed ; on the second, we remark,that the executor having no authority to bind the estate by drafts, or bills of exchange, or notes, the suit against him as representative of the estate, cannot he maintained, and a fortiori, the heir is not bound by such a contract, and it cannot be the basis of judgment against her. The defendant is, however, responsible on the draft given, in his private capacity. The words, “executor of Moses Kirkland,” added to his signature, can be considered in no other light but as words of description, which neither add to, nor diminish the individual and personal responsibility o* the party using them. The only question is, whether the court, under the pleadings, could give judgment against the defendant. The plaintiffs have been cautious to state, that the defendant, Cash, made the note as executor — that as executor he is responsible — that as executor he may be cited — and that the judgment be satisfied out of the estate, of which he is executor. It concludes, however, with a prayer for general relief.
Wherever the evidence in a cause shews that the peti-r tioner is entitled to recover,the uniform practice of this court *188^as ^een to §*ve judgment for him, although he may have mistaken the ground on which he alleged the liability of the defendant. This is in furtherance of justice, to prevent de-lay, and to save costs. There is, however, a necessary limi-tation to such a principle, namely, that the proceedings in the inferior court should have apprised the party, that relief was *■ a *> * sought from him on other grounds than those alleged; other-wise he might be deprived of a defence to the action in the capacity in which it is endeavoured to make him liable. Thus , J if there was nothing else in the record before us, but the evidence, we should doubt if this was a case for the application of the rule, because that evidence was ealled for by the pleadings, which charged him as executor, and did not apprise him that he was sought to be made responsible individually. But we see from the proceedings below, that the plaintiff did attempt to establish the liabilility of the defendant on the trial in his private capacity. The evidence sustains him in that attempt, and we, therefore, think that he should recover. The prayer for general relief authorizes judgment against him individually.
It is, therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the judgment of the District Court be annulled and reversed; and it is further ordered that, as to the defendants Rucker, there be judgment in their favour with costs in the court of the first instance. And that the plaintiff do recover of the defendant, Cash, the sum of four hundred and ninety-eight dollars 86 cents, with interest at six per cent, from the 23d of February, 1828, the date of protest, with costs in the court below, and with those of appeal.