237 Conn. 339 | Conn. | 1996
The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether the trial court’s denial of the plaintiffs’
The following facts are undisputed. On June 19, 1991, the defendant was arrested and charged with the murder of the decedent in violation of General Statutes § 53a-54a. At the defendant’s first criminal trial in 1992, the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict and
Thereafter, in a substitute information, the state refiled the murder charge against the defendant and filed five additional charges of tampering with physical evidence in violation of General Statutes § 53a-155 (a). Prior to the defendant’s second criminal trial, he filed a motion to sever the murder count from the five counts of tampering with physical evidence. The trial court granted the defendant’s motion and he proceeded to trial only on the charge of murder. Following the defendant’s second trial in 1995, the jury found him not guilty of murder and the lesser included offense of manslaughter in the first degree. Shortly thereafter, the defendant pleaded guilty to three counts of tampering with physical evidence, and, in return, the state entered a nolle prosequi on the remaining two tampering counts.
In March, 1993, during the pendency of the criminal prosecution, the plaintiffs filed a wrongful death action against the defendant, seeking compensatory and punitive damages, as well as attorney’s fees. In their action, the plaintiffs claimed that the defendant had intentionally assaulted the decedent, had engaged in reckless and/or negligent conduct that had resulted in the decedent’s death and thereby had caused the decedent’s parents and son to suffer damages. Prior to the trial in their wrongful death action and following the resolution of the criminal charges pending against the defendant, the plaintiffs filed a petition for the disclosure and release of all criminal records pertaining to the defendant’s prosecution and trial for murder. Their petition requested the disclosure of the entire record of State v. Fuessenich, Superior Court, judicial district of Litchfield, Docket No. CR91-0073111, “including the trial transcript and all police and prosecutorial authority investigative materials prepared in the criminal mat
As a general matter, if a defendant is found not guilty of a particular criminal charge or the charge against him is dismissed, General Statutes § 54-142a (a) requires that “all police and court records and records of any state’s attorney pertaining to such charge shall be erased upon the expiration of the time to file a writ of error or take an appeal . . . .”
“It is axiomatic that, except insofar as the constitution bestows upon this court jurisdiction to hear certain cases; see Fonfara v. Reapportionment Commission, 222 Conn. 166, 610 A.2d 153 (1992); the subject matter jurisdiction of the Appellate Court and of this court is governed by statute. Grieco v. Zoning Commission, 226 Conn. 230, 231, 627 A.2d 432 (1993). It is equally axiomatic that, except insofar as the legislature has specifically provided for an interlocutory appeal or other form of interlocutory appellate review; see, e.g., General Statutes § 52-2781 (prejudgment remedies); General Statutes § 54-63g (petition for review of bail); General Statutes § 51-164x (court closure orders); State v. Ayala, 222 Conn. 331, 340, 610 A.2d 1162 (1992); [our] appellate jurisdiction is limited to final judgments of the trial court. General Statutes § 52-263;
“We have recognized, however, in both criminal and civil cases, that certain otherwise interlocutory orders may be final judgments for appeal purposes. . . . An otherwise interlocutory order is appealable in two circumstances: (1) where the order or action terminates a separate and distinct proceeding, or (2) where the order or action so concludes the rights of the parties that further proceedings cannot affect them. State v. Curcio, supra, [191 Conn.] 31, citing State v. Bell, 179 Conn. 98, 99, 425 A.2d 574 (1979). State v. Southard, [191 Conn. 506, 509-10, 467 A.2d 920 (1983)]. Unless the appeal is authorized under the Curcio criteria, absence of a final judgment is a jurisdictional defect that [necessarily] results in a dismissal of the appeal. Guerin v. Norton, 167 Conn. 282, 283, 355 A.2d 255 (1974). State v. Paolella, 210 Conn. 110, 119, 554 A.2d 702 (1989).” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Garcia, 233 Conn. 44, 62-65, 658 A.2d 947 (1995), on appeal after remand, 235 Conn. 671, 669 A.2d 573 (1996). We conclude that the plaintiffs’ appeal does not satisfy either prong of Curcio. We therefore dismiss the appeal.
The trial court’s denial of the plaintiffs’ petition did not terminate a proceeding that was separate and distinct from the plaintiffs’ civil action. The petition for the release and disclosure of the records pertaining to the defendant’s criminal prosecution was filed as part of the plaintiffs’ civil wrongful death action and was an attempt by the plaintiffs to secure disclosure of information that would assist them in the preparation and prosecution of that action. A party to a pending case does not institute a separate and distinct proceeding merely by filing a petition for discovery or other relief that will be helpful in the preparation and prosecution of that
The defendant also correctly argues that the trial court’s order is not appealable under Curdo because
At oral argument, counsel for the plaintiffs conceded that the denial of the plaintiffs’ petition did not foreclose their wrongful death action, but merely limited their ability to present relevant and probative evidence. The trial court’s decision, therefore, does not prevent the plaintiffs from pursuing their action against the defendant. The plaintiffs’ petition was, for all intents and purposes, merely a discovery motion, the denial of which did not cause the plaintiffs to suffer an irretrievable loss of a right or an irreparable harm, and which can be rectified on appeal after a final judgment on the merits of the wrongful death action if it is incorrect. Melia v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., supra, 202 Conn. 255-58; State v. Coleman, supra, 202 Conn. 92; Barboto v. J. & M. Corp., 194 Conn. 245, 249-50, 478 A.2d 1020 (1984); State v. Longo, supra, 192 Conn. 89-90.
The appeal is dismissed.
In this opinion the other justices concurred.
The plaintiffs in the wrongful death action are Joseph Ruggiero, the administrator of the estate of James B. Irwin, Jr. (decedent), James B. Irwin, Sr., and Rosaría Irwin, the parents of the decedent, and James Irwin, Jr., the son of the decedent.
Robert G. Bigelow, who was also named as a defendant in the plaintiffs’ wrongful death action, died November 5,1994. Throughout this opinion we will refer to John Fuessenich as the defendant.
The court requested that the plaintiffs file an amended petition incorporating the docket number of the defendant’s criminal case into the caption of their petition, which they also filed in the criminal case.
General Statutes § 54-142a (a) provides in relevant part: “Whenever in any criminal case, on or after October 1, 1969, the accused, by a final judgment, is found not guilty of the charge or the charge is dismissed, all police and court records and records of any state’s attorney pertaining to such charge shall be erased upon the expiration of the time to file a writ of error or take an appeal, if an appeal is not taken, or upon final determination of the appeal sustaining a finding of not guilty or a dismissal, if an appeal is taken. . . .”
General Statutes § 54-142a (e) provides: “The clerk of the court or any person charged with retention and control of such records in the records center of the judicial department or any law enforcement agency having information contained in such erased records shall not disclose to anyone, except the subject of the record, upon submission pursuant to guidelines prescribed by the Office of the Chief Court Administrator of satisfactory proof of the subject’s identity, information pertaining to any charge erased under any provision of this section and such clerk or person charged with the retention and control of such records shall forward a notice of such erasure to any law enforcement agency to which he knows information concerning the arrest has been disseminated and such disseminated information shall be erased from the records of such law enforcement agency. Such clerk or such person, as the case may be, shall provide adequate security measures to safeguard against unauthorized access to or dissemination of such records or upon the request of the accused cause the actual physical destruction of such records. No fee shall be charged in any court with respect to any petition under this section. Any person who shall have been the subject of such an erasure shall be deemed to have never been arrested within the meaning of the general statutes with respect to the proceedings so erased and may so swear under oath.”
General Statutes § 54-142a (g) provides: “The provisions of [§ 54-142a (a) through (f)] shall not apply to any police or court records or the records of any state’s attorney or prosecuting attorney with respect to any count of any information or indictment which was nolled or dismissed if the accused was convicted upon one or more counts of the same information or indictment.”
General Statutes § 54-142c (b) provides: “Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, within one year from the date of disposition of any case, the clerk of the court or any person charged with retention and control of erased records by the chief court administrator or any criminal justice agency having information contained in such erased records may disclose to the victim of a crime or his legal representative the fact that the case was dismissed. If such disclosure contains information from erased records, the identity of the defendant or defendants shall not be released, except that any information contained in such records, including the identity of the person charged may be released to the victim of the crime or his representative upon written application by such victim or representative to the court stating (1) that a civil action has been commenced for loss or damage resulting from such act or (2) the intent to bring a civil action for such loss or damage. Any person who obtains criminal history record information by falsely representing to be the victim of a crime or his representative shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars or imprisoned not less than one year nor more than five years or both.”
General Statutes § 51-61 (c) provides: “Each official court reporter, assistant court reporter and monitor shall, when requested, furnish to the court, to the state’s attorney or any assistant or deputy assistant state’s attorney, to any party of record and to any other person, within a reasonable time, a transcript of the proceedings, or such portion thereof as may be desired, except that, if the proceedings were closed to the public, such court reporter
Although the defendant raised and thoroughly briefed the issue of our jurisdiction to entertain this appeal, the plaintiffs did not mention this issue in their brief nor did they file a reply brief addressing this issue.
General Statutes § 52-263 provides: “Upon the trial of all matters of fact in any cause or action in the superior court, whether to the court or jury, or before any judge thereof when the jurisdiction of any action or proceeding is vested in him, if either party is aggrieved by the decision of the court or judge upon any question or questions of law arising in the trial, including the denial of a motion to set aside a verdict, he may appeal to the court having jurisdiction from the final judgment of the court or of such judge, or from the decision of the court granting a motion to set aside a verdict, except in small claims cases, which shall not be appealable, and appeals as provided in sections 8-8 and 8-9.”
At oral argument, the plaintiffs’ counsel argued that the trial court’s decision satisfied the first prong of the Curdo test because it terminated the criminal case, which is separate and distinct from the civil case. This argument is without merit. The plaintiffs were not parties to the criminal case and the trial court’s order to incorporate the docket number from the defendant’s criminal case into the caption of the plaintiffs’ amended petition did not make the plaintiffs parties to the criminal action. The plaintiffs therefore do not have standing to appeal from any decision rendered in the criminal trial of the defendant. Moreover, the criminal case was terminated by a final judgment when the defendant was sentenced by the court. State v. Coleman, 202 Conn. 86, 89, 519 A.2d 1201 (1987); State v. Van Sant, 198 Conn. 369, 374 n.5, 503 A.2d 557 (1986); State v. Sanabria, 192 Conn. 671, 682, 474 A.2d 760 (1984).