132 Va. 783 | Va. | 1922
after making the foregoing statement, delivered the following opinion of the court:
This question must be answered in the negative.
In so far as the motion for change of venue rests on the ground that a fair and impartial jury to try the case could not be obtained from the city, it was properly overruled, for two reasons: First, because an impartial jury, in contemplation of law, was in fact obtained from the city (Bowles’ Case, 103 Va. 823, 48 S. E. 527, and cases cited); and, secondly, because, where the sole difficulty to be overcome in order to secure a fair and impartial trial consists in the difficulty in obtaining a jury from the city or county where the trial is had, the proper remedy is by motion for a jury to be summoned from some other city or county, under the statute in such case made and provided (Wright’s Case, 33 Gratt. [74 Va.] 880; Joyce's Case, 78 Va. 287; Uzzle’s Case, 107 Va. 926, 60 S. E. 652).
As said in Bowles’ Case: “The law has provided the test as to the fitness of a person to sit upon a jury in the trial of criminal cases, and if, by applying this test, an impartial jury was in fact secured in the county where the trial was to take place, a conclusive presumption arises that the motion for a change of venue- was unfounded.”
As said in Uzzle’s Case: “It is well settled that, where an application for a change of venue is based simply on the ground of difficulty in obtaining jurors in the county or corporation free from exception* it must be preceded by an application to summon jurors beyond such county. Wright’s
In this connection it must be borne in mind, however, that it is well settled that the trial court is allowed a wide discretion in the matter of ordering a change of venue, and its ruling will not be disturbed unless it plainly appears that the discretion has been improperly exercised. Looney’s Case, 115 Va. 921, 78 S. E. 625; Thompson’s Case, 131 Va. 847, 109 S. E. 447. The mere apprehension of the accused, or his belief, that he cannot secure a fair trial in the city or county in which he is indicted, is not sufficient to support a motion for a change of venue. As said in Thompson’s Case, supra: “He must establish by ‘independent and disinterested testimony such facts as make it appear probable at least that. his fears and beliefs are well founded/ ” quoting from Wormeley’s Case, 10 Gratt. (51 Va.) 658. Moreover, while the fact that a jury, free from exception upon their examination on their voir dire, has been obtained from the city or county in which the trial is had, is not conclusive against the motion for a change of venue, it is a circumstance to be considered along with all the other evidence bearing upon the issue presented by the motion.
2. Was the evidence such that it should have convinced
There was no evidence before the trial court tending to show that such a result was to be apprehended, other than a mere rumor heard on the streets by certain witnesses. As appears from their testimony, these very witnesses were not convinced that the rumor had any foundation in fact. On the contrary, their personal opinion was that it had no such foundation. Such, too, was the opinion of the accused himself. He, as his testimony shows, had no apprehension of the existence of any such hostile public sentiment at the place of trial as would influence a jury to his prejudice when once properly selected. What he feared w,as that an impartial jury would not be selected in the first instance from the jurors in attendance upon the court.
Such being the situation as made to appear by the evidence on the motion for change of venue, any further detailed consideration of the special circumstances of the case becomes unnecessary; and we have no hesitancy in holding that the trial court was plainly right in refusing to change the venue.
3. Did the court erf in refusing to quash the second venire facias by which certain of the jurors were summoned who were in attendance upon the term of court at which the
This question must be answered in the negative.
Section 4895 contains the following provision, namely: “At one term of the court only one jury shall be summoned unless the court or judge otherwise direct.” And section 4896, so far as material, provides as follows: “In any case of felony, where a sufficient number of jurors to constitute a panel of twenty free from exception cannot be had from those summoned and in attendance, *' * * or when the venire facias, or panel has been quashed for any cause, the court may direct another venire facias and cause to be summoned * * * so many persons as may be deemed necessary to obtain a panel of twenty free from exception * *
It appears from the record before us that at the term of court in question, the first venire facias was awarded by order of court entered on March 1st, commanding the sergeant of the city of Portsmouth to summon and cause to come before the court on the 3rd day of March at ten o’clock A. M. twenty persons of that city to be taken from a list of twenty-four persons to be furnished by the clerk of the court, for the trial of Joe Foster, qualified in all respects to serve as jurors to recognize on their oaths whether the said Joe Foster be guilty of the felony whereof he stands accused.
Nineteen persons only were summoned by the sergeant under said venire facias.
It further appears from the record before us that at the same term of court, on March 4th, the second venire facias was awarded by order of court commanding the sergeant to summon and cause to come before the court on that day at 3 o’clock P. M. thirteen persons of that city, to be taken from a, list to be furnished by the court “to complete the panel of jurors for the trial of E. A. Martin” qualified, etc., to recognize on their oaths whether the said E. A. Martin be guilty of the felony whereof he stands accused. All of these thirteen persons were accordingly summoned.
On the 7th day of March, at the same term of court, the misdemeanor case of the accused, which we have under review, was called for trial. Thereupon, after the motion of the accused aforesaid for a change of venue had been overruled, the accused pleaded not guilty, to which plea the Commonwealth replied generally, and issue was joined thereon. Thereupon, the accused moved the court to quash the said second venire facias, which motion the court overruled; and thereupon, from those jurors who had been summoned at that term for the trial of Joe Foster and E. A. Martin, charged with felonies, the court proceeded to empanel a jury for the trial of the misdemeanor case under review, and seven men, after examination upon their voir dire, having been obtained free from exception, the Commonwealth having erased one and the accused one, the remaining five constituted the jury for the trial of the accused.
It does not appear from the record before us how many of the nineteen persons summoned, as aforesaid, under the first venire facias, or how many of the thirteen summoned under the second venire fa,cias, attended court in accordance with their summons, or were still in attendance upon the court on March 7th, when the jury was selected in the
If this statement is intended to mean, as we suppose it does, that there were, of the jurors who had been summoned by virtue of the first venire, a sufficient number in attendance upon the court to try all misdemeanor cases which were to be tried at the term, including the case in judgment, the statement assumes a fact which does not appear from the record which the accused has brought before us. For this reason, if there were no other, we would be compelled to hold the position taken to be untenable.
This action of the court was the same in substance as refusing to allow the witnesses to answer such questions.
The record does not show what the answers of these witnesses would have been to these questions, nor that there was any avowal of what answers were expected. It is well settled that in such cases the assignments of error will not be considered on appeal. Washington, etc., Co. v. Goodrich, 110 Va. 692, 66 S. E. 977; Foy v. Commonwealth, decided at this term of court, ante, p. 671, 111 S. E. 269.
The case will be affirmed.
Affirmed.