Appellant sued appellee, Emanuel Rudasill, who will hereinafter be called appellee, for divorce and an adjustment and settlement of their property rights. Later and before the beginning of the term of the court to which the suit was returnable, three sons of‘appellant and appellee were made parties defendant by an amended petition; but their presence in the suit seems unimportant in determining .the questions raised on this appeal. The petition alleges, in substance, that appellant and appellee were married in Grayson county, Tex., in February, 1871, and that they have lived together in said county ever since that date; that almost from the time of said marriage ap-pellee has acted toward appellant in a harsh and Overbearing manner; that on numerous occasions appellee cursed appellant and abused her in various ways; that during the last few years appellant‘has been in a weak, nervous, and run-down condition of health, and that during said time appellee’s conduct toward her has been so harsh and abusive as to greatly aggravate her condition and render the same much more serious than it otherwise would have been; that appellee’s harsh and abusive treatment has permanently impaired appellant’s health, and if persisted in will continue to impair her health and greatly shorten her life. It is further alleged that, at the time appellant married appellee, she was a widow and had two sons, J. M. and C. A. Tait; that appellee has had a particular aversion to these sons of appellant, and during the .last few years has frequently threatened to kill them, and has forbidden them to visit appellant or to enter upon her premises; that appellee’s throats to do physical violence to her said sons have gradually become more violent, until appellant is in constant dread that they will be put into execution, which dread creates in appellant a serious nervous condition, which has undermined and will continue to undermine her health; that during the last few years, and up to the time of the filing of this suit, appellee has frequently falsely stated to divers persons that appellant’s mind was affected, and that he contemplated having her sent to a lunatic asylum, which charges are without foundation, but have had the effect, in connection with other facts alleged, of greatly aggravating appellant’s condition aforesaid, and rendering her living with ap-pellee unbearable and insupportable; that on *984 account of appellee’s said cruel treatment appellant did in the month of May, 1918, permanently leave appellee, and has ever since remained away from him, and intends to continue to so remain away. The petition further alleges that, at the time appellant and the said appellee were married, appellant was the owner, as her separate property, of 363 acres of land situated in Grayson county, Tex., a part of the Ira S. Hightower survey, and described in deed from J. H. Weaver to her under her then name of Permalla Tait, dated September 27, 1870; that during all of their married life appellant and appellee have made their home upon the said separate property of appellant, and appellee has had exclusive control and management thereof, and has collected and appropriated ail the proceeds arising therefrom. The petition further alleges the ownership by appellant and ap-pellee of certain community property, which need not be described. The record also discloses that appellee is in possession of several thousand dollars wortt} of personal property, some of which is claimed by appellant to be her separate property. Appellant prayed that, pending the suit, she be given the exclusive possession and management of the 363 acres of land alleged to be her separate property, and that appellee be enjoined from entering upon said premises, and from in any manner interfering with such exclusive possession, management, and control by appellant; that she be granted alimony; that the marriage of appellant and appellee be dissolved ; that the alleged separate lands of appellant be set aside to her as her separate property; that she receive the rents and revenues arising from said 363 acres of land during the years 1916-17 and 1917-18, and that she be given one-half of the community property.
Appellant by supplemental petition prayed that if, upon a hearing of her application for injunction, the court should be of opinion that the injunction prayed for should not be granted, then that a receiver be appointed. The court set the case down for special hearing in chambers on the matters asked for by appellant pending the final disposition of the suit, at which time appellee filed his answer, in which he denied each of the allegations in appellant’s petition alleged by her as grounds for a divorce; he admitted that he and the three sons of appellant and appellee, namely, W. S., S. E., and Pearl Rudasill, had cultivated the lands claimed by appellant as her separate property for the years 1916-17 and 1917-18 jointly, all sharing in the proceeds thereof without any fixed share as to each, as they had done since they became of age, with the knowledge, consent, and acquiescence of appellant; he denied that the 363-acre tract of land claimed by appellant as her separate property was in fact her separate property, but that the same was the joint property of himself and appellant in equal and undivided portions by virtue of a contract and agreement between them, made prior to- the date of their marriage and the purchase of the property; that said 363 acres of land claimed by appellant as her separate property constituted the homestead of appellant and appellee, and as head of the family, he was in lawful possession thereof, and was entitled to occupy the same, and to receive the proceeds arising therefrom until appellant was divorced from appellee, and their property rights adjudicated by a final decree of the court; that appellant left appellee and their home without his knowledge, consent, or connivance, and without just cause; that appellant was old and inexperienced in the management of the farm, and incapable of managing the same; that appellee and their two sons, W. S. and S. E. Rudasill, were breaking the land and preparing to put it in wheat for the coming season; that said land had been planted solely to wheat for a long number of years, and it was necessary to continue to prepare said land; otherwise, the land could not be sown in wheat. He prayed that appellant’s' injunction to put her in possession of said premises be denied on preliminary hearing, that her prayer for divorce and partition of the property be denied upon final trial, and that the property be partitioned in accordance with his claims, and for general relief.
The appellees, W. S. and S. E. Rudasill, filed a general denial and special answer, in which they adopted the answer of their father, Emanuel Rudasill, in so far as it applied to them. They alleged possession of said place and cultivation thereof, and enjoyment of the proceeds jointly with their father, Emanuel Rudasill, with the knowledge, consent, and acquiescence of appellant, their mother. They claimed no other right, title, or interest in the land. On September 21st, the court, after hearing the evidence, entered a decree in substance, denying appellant’s prayer for injunction, and ordered that ap-pellee retain possession of the real and personal property involved in this litigation, upon his giving bond in the sum of $5,000, conditioned that he would preserve the property, cultivate the lands, and hold the property and lands subject to the further orders of the court, and also file an inventory and appraisement of all the property in his possession. From this interlocutory order appellant appeals.
The contention of appellant is that the court erred in refusing appellant’s application for an injunction against the appellees, restraining them from entering upon, taking, and holding possession of the land alleged to be her separate property, and from interfering ■ with appellant’s right to manage and control the same, because (1) a wife is entitled to an injunction to prevent interference by her husband with the sole management, control, and disposition of her separate prop *985 erty, given, her by the act of the Legislature of April 4, 1917 (chapter 194 [Vernon’s Ann. Civ. St. Supp. 1918, art. 4621]); (2) in order to justify the court in refusing an injunction to the wife against such interference by the husband, upon the ground that the husband is claiming an interest in the property, it must appear that such claim will probably be sustained, and that the evidence in this case makes it clear that there is no reasonable probability that the appellee can fasten upon the lands alleged to be appellant’s separate property a trust, either express or implied, in his favor; (3) to establish a trust, whether express or implied, by verbal evidence upon the legal title conveyed by deed, it requires proof, both clear and satisfactory, especially after the lapse of a long time, and that such was not the character of proof in this case; (4) it is clear from the evidence that appel-lee’s claim of a trust is a stale demand, and can furnish no basis for denying to appellant the management and control of her separate property, and conferring it upon her husband, Emanuel Rudasill, pending this litigation; (5) if Emanuel Rudasill’s claim of a trust is not a stale demand, it is, in effect, a suit for specific performance, and barred by our ten-year statute of limitations, regardless of any recognition or repudiation of appellant; (6) under the undisputed evidence there is no trust in Emanuel Rudasill’s favor for the money used in refunding to appellant’s sons, J. M. and O. A. Tait, the $2,000 of their money used by appellant in the original purchase of the land; (7) the fact that the homestead of appellant and appellee is upon the separate property of the wife does not give the husband, Emanuel Rudasill, the right to manage and control said property and appropriate the revenues therefrom, and deprive appellant of the management, control, and benefits given her by the act of 1917.
We shall not undertake to discuss in detail the several propositions advanced by appellant, but shall content ourselves with a brief expression of what we conceive to be the rules of law which should govern us, in view of the character of the hearing had at which the order appealed from was made and the evidence adduced.
On the other hand, appellee testified, in effect, that he was acquainted with appellant before they moved to Texas; that they became engaged in July or August, 1870, and were married in Grayson county on February 7, 1871; that before they were married he, with appellant’s father, rode over the country a good deal, hunting for a place to purchase, and finally agreed on the land in controversy; that he and his wife’s father, Eph Carpenter, made the trade for the land; that he and his wife talked the matter over before they agreed to purchase the place; that the deed was executed September 27, 1870, and he and his wife were engaged some time before that; that he talked it over with his wife before the place was bought, and the place, when purchased, was to be their home and owned in equal portions; that appellant told him what money she had on hand, and that it belonged to her and her two boys, and that the boys’ money was to be used in buying the land, and paid back to them; that she was unwilling for the place to be purchased without his first agreeing to it. He further said that he and Eph Carpenter closed the trade for the place; that the deed was made in Judge Hare’s office; that Eph *986 Carpenter, appellant’s father, paid over .the money; that he gave him $350 in gold that was his money, which was a part of the money paid for the place; that he and Mr. Carpenter told Judge Hare how the place was being paid for, and that Judge Hare suggested that the deed had better be made to appellant, as they were not then married; that he paid $250 of the $1,000 note that was given by Eph Carpenter as part of the purchase price for the place; that he gave the money to Eph Carpenter; that the first payment marked on the hack of the note is $500, January -25, 1871, which was paid by Mr. Carpenter; that there was also indorsed on said note a credit of $250, paid June 19,1871; that he gave Mr. Carpenter that money to pay on the note; that he did not recall when the final payment was made, but it was paid by Mr. Carpenter; that his wife did not pay any part of that note; that it was paid off by her father and him; that the part that Mr. Carpenter paid was given to him and his wife, as he understood it; that he heard Mr. Carpenter say the note was all paid when he made the last payment; that Mr. Carpenter said he had paid it with the money appellee had given him and his own money. He further testified:
“My wife and I considered that we had used $2,000 belonging to the Tait boys in the purchase of the land. I paid that back to them by buying land for them. The record shows that I bought 320 acres of land for J. M. and C. A. Tait. They ha^e it now. No one had anything to do with the purchase except myself. The total consideration for the land was $4,500, all of which I paid. It was understood that I was accounting to them for the $2,000 that was used in the original purchase of the place, that my wife and I were living on, and $2,500 was made on that place; that is, on the 363 acres (claimed by appellant as her separate property). My final report as guardian of the Tait boys shows their receipt for $6,500. That included the money paid in land and other moneys. I heard my wife’s testimony that I demanded a deed from her to the 363 acres. I never did demand a deed from her at any time. I never thought it was necessary. I always thought I owned as much of the place as she did. I never knew of any reason why I should demand a deed from. her. I have been managing the property all of the time. I made the contract for the place before we were married. I have been managing the place from that time to this, and my rights in it have never been called into question. My wife has never questioned my rights, nor my interest, in the place. In so far as I know, my wife never contemplated a separation from me until this divorce suit was filed. I am. now undertaking to put the place in condition to raise the crops for next year. We have always raised wheat on the place; a little oats, not’ much. Unless the land is gotten ready right after the harvesting is done, you don’t get a good crop of wheat. You can’t make a good crop unless you break the land early.”
On cross-examination appellee testified:
“The $350 that I gave Mr. Carpenter [to pay on the land] I brought with me from Louisiana, where I worked and earned it. I farmed in Louisiana, and had earned some money there, and besides that my wife’s brother and I had carried a bunch of horses back there and made some money on them. My wife is mistaken in saying that her father paid $800 and she paid $200 of the note Eph Carpenter gave in part payment for the land in controversy. Mr. Carpenter first paid $500, and I gave $250' for him to pay; then he paid the balance. ' When I settled as guardian with the Tait boys, I took their receipt for $6,500. I only received in cash for them as their 'guardian the sum of about $2,000. The receipt, as I understood it, represented $4,500, the consideration for the place that I purchased for them, and the $2,000 that I used of their money in purchasing the 363 acres in controversy. In buying this 320 acres for the Tait boys, I was undertaking to buy an equal amount in value as we paid for the 363 acres in controversy, and thought that the latter place belonged to me and my wife. My wife left the place last May, 1918.”
Mrs. Butler Carpenter, the widow of one of appellant’s brothers,- testified that she was living in the family of her father-in-law, Mr. Eph Carpenter, in 1869 or 1870; that she remembered a visit to Mr. Eph Carpenter by Mrs. iRudasill (appellant); that during that visit Mr. Carpenter told his daughter, Mrs. Rudasill, to go on home and behave herself, and use Mr. Rudasill all right; that he was a good man, and ought to have a deed to the 363 acres of land in controversy, and he had paid for it with his own money,, reciting how much, but that she did not remember the amount, but that 'Mr. Carpenter said that appellee ought to have a deed to it, as he had paid for more than half of it; that she could not remember distinctly what Mrs. Rudasill’s reply was, but thought she said something about the deed being in her name. On cross-examination she further testified that the occasion of Mrs. Rudasill being over there at her father’s was that her father sent for her to come up there to try to get matters adjusted pleasantly between her and her husband; that is, the little trouble they had gotten into at that time about some of the property, something about the crops; that the state of her feelings towards Mrs. Rudasill was the best in the world.
William S. Rudasill, one of the appellees, testified as follows:
“I have just heard the testimony of Mrs. Butler Carpenter, with reference to what transpired at my grandfather’s house. I was present at that time; went with my mother. Grandpa told me to go and get her, and bring her up there to see him. I was then about 20 years old. That was in 1889, 1S90, or 1891; I am not sure just what year. The occasion of our going to grandfather’s was, Charlie and Minor [Tait] had been there on the place, and my father wanted them to go on their own place, and my mother said, they ought to stay and control part of it [the home place]. I do not remember what was said between them; cannot go into details. Pa told me to go and see grandpa, and see him about this matter, and maybe he could adjust the differences. I carried my mother up there, and my grandfather said to her, ‘Mal-lie, Will told me about this trouble you all are having down there. Now, Emanuel ought to control that place, and will control it as long as I live. He paid for more of it than you did, and you should have given, him a deed to it long ago, and as long as I live he will control it. Go on home and behave yourself.’ ”
This witness further testified that when his grandfather, Eph. Carpenter, told hi,si mother (the appellant) that appellee had *987 ■paid for most of the place, she replied, that ■ Ihe deed was made to her, and .that the place ought to be hers; that his grandfather then said, “If the deed is made to you, you did not pay all of it; he paid as much or more than you did, and he ought to have some title to it.” He further said he did not remember to have ever heard appellant claim the land as her separate property; that he was born on the place, and has been on it most of the time during his life.
“It would be proper to instruct the jury as to the legal effect of the conveyance, and that the parties to it are presumed in the first place to have intended that it should have.that effect, but that they should find that a trust was intended, provided • the other evidence be sufficient to overcome that presumption, and to reasonably satisfy them that such was in fact the intention.”
In Baylor v. Hopf,
For the reasons indicated, the appointment of Emanuel Rudasill to take possession of the property involved in this suit, and control and manage it during the pendency thereof, is set aside, and the cause remanded.
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