24 Gratt. 19 | Va. | 1873
delivered the opinion of the court. After stating the case, he proceeded:
Two questions only arise, and they arise on the three bills of exception which were taken in the case. One of them arises on the first and third bills of exceptions, and . is as to the supposed illegality of consideration. The other arises on the second bill of exceptions, and is as to the admissibility of the parol evidence offered by the defendants and rejected by the court. Ve will consider these questions in the order in which they are above stated.
And first, as to the supposed illegality of' consideration.
It is unnecessary for us to enquire and decide in this case, whether the States which lately seceded from the United States, and formed the new political association called the Confederate States, had a right so to act or not; and whether the new government, thus organized, was a de jure government or not. Those are questions about which there have been, and no doubt' always will be, honest differences of opinion among men. In the South, the prevailing opinion has’ decidedly been, and yet is, that the right of secession existed, whatever may have beén, and yet be, thought as to the expediency of resort-
Secondly. As to the admissibility of the parol evidence offered by the defendants and rejected by the court.
'We are clearly of opinion that the said evidence was inadmissible, and was properly rejected by the court. The law in regard to the inadmissibility of parol evidence to vary or contradict a written contract, is too well settled to require argument or reference to authority, unless there be something peculiar in the case, which does not exist here. The note on which the action was brought is a promissory note, in the ordinary form, and is as plain as language can make it. Had it been actually intended-by the makers of the note, Ruckman and Glendy, (as must be presumed to have been the case,) to make themselves personally liable for the debt, to the exclusion of every other liability, they could not possibly have employed language more apt for the purpose. Ho name appears upon the face of the note but the names of the makers and of the payee. The makers promise to pay, in the first person plural. There is no reference whatever in the note, express or implied, to any supposed principal for which they could have been acting; nor to any supposed use for which the purchase could have been made but for their own individual use. They do not even specify the property for the purpose of which the note was given, but merely say that it was given “for value received.” There is not a mark nor sign upon it which can afford the slightest pretext for a resort to parol evidence. Hpon what ground, then, can it be argued that parol evidence
We are, therefore, of opinion that there is no error in. the judgment, and that it ought to be affirmed.
Judgment aeeirmed.