Roy v. Gulf States Utilities CompanyRoy v. Gulf States Utilities Company
Bailey & Hollier by W. C. Hollier, Davidson, Meaux, Onebane & Donohoe by L. Lane Roy, Lafayette, for defendant-respondent.
Before HOOD, CULPEPPER and MILLER, JJ.
OPINION
HOOD, Judge.
We granted a writ of certiorari to review an order of the trial court, issued on October 31, 1974, which denies plaintiff the right to litigate this suit in forma pauperis.
This is an action for damages for personal injuries sustained by plaintiff, John Hilton Roy, on April 7, 1971. Plaintiff asked for trial by jury. Gulf States Utilities Company was the sole defendant at the time the order complained of was issued, although other defendants were impleaded later. The suit was filed on January 4, 1972, and on thаt date an order was signed by the Clerk of Court authorizing plaintiff to litigate the action without the payment of costs of court in advance or as they accrue, and without furnishing security therеfor.
Gulf Insurance Company, the workmen‘s compensation insurer of plaintiff‘s employer, intervened demanding reimbursement out of any award made to plaintiff of the amounts it has paid as compensation benefits and medical expenses. It alleges that it has paid benefits of $49.00 per week since the accident, and the additional sum of $25,000.00 as medical bills. Gulf Insurance Company furnished a bond in the amount of $2,000.00 to cover the additional costs of trial by jury.
H. R. Cain, plaintiff‘s employer, also intervened alleging that he paid $1,390.00 as medical expenses in additiоn to those paid by the insurer for the treatment of Roy‘s injuries. He demands that he be reimbursed that amount out of any sum awarded to plaintiff.
The case was scheduled for trial on October 31, 1974. A pretrial conference was held that morning in which the trial judge interrogated plaintiff as to his ability to pay court costs. Shortly after court convened that day, the trial judge directed сounsel for defendant to make a motion to
The evidence introduced at the hearing shows that plaintiff is 33 years of age. He has an eighth grade education, and he is thе sole source of support for his family, consisting of his wife and four daughters, ranging in ages from 10 to 15 years. He has been unable to work since April 7, 1971, the date of the accident, and his only incоme since that time has been workmen‘s compensation benefits of $49.00 per week, and Social Security Disability payments of $239.00 per month. His income from those sources amounts to the aggregate sum of about $435.10 per month.
Roy is eligible for food stamps, and each month he purchases $204.00 worth of those stamps for $133.00 It costs him an average of about $50.00 per month morе than he pays for food stamps to feed himself and his family. He pays $40.00 per month as rent, and from $30.00 to $35.00 per month as utility bills. He owns no real property, and he has no cash or securities, nо bank account, no furniture, and no other assets of any kind, except a 1967 model Ford automobile.
Plaintiff has required extensive medical treatment for his injuries. The workmen‘s compensation insurer has paid $25,000.00 as medical bills for the treatment of those injuries, that being the maximum limits of its policy. Roy‘s employer has paid the additional sum of $1,390.00 for medical treatment, and plaintiff nоw owes other medical bills amounting to at least $840.56, for which there is no insurance coverage. A judgment has been rendered against him for some of those medical expenses. Plaintiff аlso owes the Basile State Bank from $1,500.00 to $2,000.00 on a promissory note. He borrowed that amount to provide for his family between the date of the accident and the time he qualified for Social Security Disability benefits.
The evidence indicates that about 30 witnesses will be subpoenaed for the trial, and that the trial will probably last two days. The clerk estimates that the court costs will amount to about $1,500.00.
Article 5182 of the Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure provides:
“The privilege granted by this Chapter shall be restricted to litigants who are clearly entitled to it, with due regard to the nature of the proceeding, the court costs which otherwise would have to be paid, and the ability of the litigant to pay them or to furnish security therefor, so that the fоmentation of litigation by an indiscriminate resort thereto may be discouraged, without depriving a litigant of its benefits if he is entitled thereto.”
We have held that the statutes authorizing the litigation of сertain cases in forma pauperis (
Applying these rules to the facts in the instant suit, and considering plaintiff‘s income, the dependents he has and the debts he owes, we conclude that he is not
Defendant contends, however, that the original order issued on January 4, 1972, аuthorizing plaintiff to proceed in forma pauperis, is radically null and void because it was not accompanied by the two affidavits required by
The record shows that plaintiff prayed in his original petition that he be permitted to file this suit in formа pauperis. Attached to that petition was an affidavit signed by plaintiff, reciting that he is unable because of his poverty, to pay costs, but he failed to annex to that petition the affidavit of a third person to that effect, as required by
On October 10, 1974, more thаn two years after the original petition was filed and about three weeks before it was scheduled for trial, plaintiff filed an affidavit signed by his brother, Ernest Roy, reciting that the affiant knows plaintiff‘s finаncial condition, and believes that he is unable to pay the court costs in advance or as they accrue, or to furnish security therefor. When the hearing was held on October 31, 1974, therefore, plaintiff‘s application for permission to litigate in forma pauperis was accompanied by the two supporting affidavits required by
We do not agree with defendant that the order signed by the Clerk of Court on January 4, 1972, was radically null and void. We think it was a relative nullity, and that it could be ratified or confirmed by the trial court after the required affidavits were supрlied. In our opinion, the issue before the trial court on October 31, 1974, was whether or not that original order should be recalled or confirmed. The evidence convinces us that it should hаve been confirmed, and that plaintiff should have been permitted to litigate the case in forma pauperis.
The trial court has the authority and the duty to subject forma pauperis orders to continuing scrutiny to prevent abuse. In the instant suit the trial judge had authority to reconsider the poverty determination made originally on January 4, 1972, the only requirement being that there be an evidentiary hearing when the rescission depends upon contested factual issues. See City Stores Company v. Petersen, 263 La. 577, 268 So.2d 662 (1972). An evidentiary hearing was held in this case, and following that hearing the trial judge determined that the original order should be recalled. We find no error in the procedure followed by the trial court, but we have concluded that he erred in recalling, rather than confirming, the prior order.
Since we have concluded that the case may be litigated in forma pauperis, it is unnecessary for us to consider the additional grounds urged by plaintiff for that relief.
For the reаsons assigned, we reverse the order of the trial court complained of in this writ, issued on October 31, 1974, and we hereby order that plaintiff be permitted to litigate, or to continue the litigatiоn of, this action without paying the costs in advance, or as they accrue, or furnishing security therefor. The case is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the views herein expressed. The costs of the proceedings in this court are assessed to defendant-respondent.
Reversed and remanded.