201 N.W.2d 792 | Mich. | 1972
ROWLAND
v.
DETROIT AUTOMOBILE INTER-INSURANCE EXCHANGE
Supreme Court of Michigan.
Raymond L. Krell, for plaintiff.
A.J. Galsterer, for defendant.
WILLIAMS, J.
The insurance issues in this case are basically similar to those present in Blakeslee v Farm Bureau Mutual Ins. Co, 388 Mich. 464 (1972).
I. Does 1965 PA 388; MCLA 500.3010; MSA 24.13010 invalidate such "other insurance" and/or "exclusions" clause limitations? Specifically, can the injured insured guest passenger of an insured host driver, who is injured in an accident through the fault of an uninsured motorist, combine recoveries (i.e. stack or pyramid) from the defendant insurance company which covered both the guest passenger and *478 host driver, in excess of the limitation provisions where the insurance was issued before the passage of 1965 PA 388 but the injury occurred afterwards?
II. If not, does the specific language of the (A) "other insurance" limitation against recovery on other insurance policies as well as the primary policy, or (B) the separate fall back "exclusions" clause from recovery on other policies in the uninsured motorist coverage apply to the facts of the instant case so as to bar the guest passenger recovery up to the full amount on both policies?
On January 16, 1966, Karen Sue Rowland was riding as a guest passenger in the car of the host driver and owner Karl W. John. A collision occurred between the host driver and an uninsured motorist. The uninsured motorist was indisputably at fault in the accident which resulted in severe injury to the guest passenger. The host driver had uninsured motorist liability coverage through defendant DAIIE that allowed recovery in the amount of $10,000 against an uninsured motorist for each passenger. The guest passenger had a similar but independent policy of insurance issued to her by the defendant upon her own vehicle that gave her the same protection for injuries caused by an uninsured motorist.
The defendant paid $10,000 to the injured guest passenger under the host driver's policy, but refused to pay an additional $10,000 under the guest passenger's own policy due to restrictive clauses in the policy.
The guest passenger instituted suit against the *479 driver of the uninsured automobile to recover damages. She recovered on her suit in the amount of $87,000.
Prior to the judgment against the driver of the uninsured vehicle, the guest passenger brought suit in Wayne County Circuit Court seeking a declaratory judgment on the coverage of her policy. The Honorable Blair Moody, Jr. entered an order for partial summary judgment of no cause for action in favor of the defendant. The Court of Appeals denied plaintiff's request for leave to appeal. On appeal to this Court, we granted plaintiff's application for leave to appeal and remanded said cause to the Court of Appeals to be considered on the merits. The Court of Appeals, in affirming the trial court's decision, held 1) that the "other insurance" clause cut off the guest passenger's recovery on her policy, and 2) that MCLA 500.3010 was inapplicable since the policy of insurance was issued prior to the statute taking effect and could have no retroactive effect.
I.
Our statute, MCLA 500.3010, which was controlling in both Blakeslee and Boettner,[1] is not applicable in this case. The guest passenger's insurance policy was issued September 25, 1965. Since the statute did not become effective until January 1, 1966, it cannot be a factor in the outcome of this case. We agree with the Court of Appeals (34 Mich. App. 269) that the applicability of the statute is controlled by Wells v Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange, 29 Mich. App. 235 (1970) where it was held that MCLA 500.3010 could not apply to policies issued prior to the effective date of the statute. Any other result would be inconsistent with Const 1963, art 1, § 10:
*480 "No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contract shall be enacted."
II.
Thus we are left with the problem of determining whether the "other insurance" clauses or the "exclusions" clause of the policy apply to our case to prohibit the guest passenger from recovering under her policy.
A. "Other Insurance"
The "other insurance" clause reads in pertinent part:
"With respect to bodily injury to an insured sustained while occupying an automobile or through being struck by an uninsured automobile, if such insured is a named insured under other similar insurance available to him, * * *".
The Court of Appeals felt that there need be no interpretation of this clause as they found any interpretative questions settled by Horr v Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange, 379 Mich. 562 (1967). With this we cannot agree. The "other insurance" clauses of the AAA policies involved in both Horr and the present case are identical. They are expressly applicable to limit recovery only when "the named insured is a named insured under other similar insurance available to him * * *." In Horr, there was no controversy as to whether plaintiff's injured son was a "named insured" under the plaintiff's policy; he clearly was so named because the plaintiff's policy covered the plaintiff's son specifically.
The present guest passenger is not a "named insured" under her host driver's policy in the strict sense that her name is used or that she is referred to as a member of the family or some *481 other pertinent relationship. Thus under the plain meaning of the language contained in the "other insurance" clause, the clause is not applicable to her case.
If the defendant wished to make the "other insurance" clause applicable to all cases where the claimant has other insurance available to him following an accident, it should have worded its policy accordingly.
B. "Exclusions" Clause
The "exclusions" clause in defendant's policy reads in pertinent part:
"The insurance afforded by this coverage [uninsured motorist] does not apply:
"(1) to bodily injury to an insured sustained while occupying any automobile, other than an owned automobile, if the owner of such automobile has insurance similar to that afforded by this coverage and such insurance is available to such insured;"
If this clause applies to our facts, the guest passenger cannot recover on her policy.
The guest passenger sustained bodily injury while occupying an automobile not owned by her. The host driver was the owner. The host driver had identical insurance, not merely similar, to that of the guest passenger as they were insured by the same company. This fact also establishes that "such insurance" was available to the guest passenger. Therefore the "exclusions" clause does apply to our facts.
We affirm. Costs to defendant.
T.M. KAVANAGH, C.J., and ADAMS, T.E. BRENNAN, T.G. KAVANAGH, and SWAINSON, JJ., concurred with WILLIAMS, J.
BLACK, J. did not sit in this case.
NOTES
[1] Boettner v State Farm Mutual Ins Co, 388 Mich. 482 (1972). REPORTER.