76 F.R.D. 241 | D.D.C. | 1977
MEMORANDUM-ORDER
This is primarily a Title VII action
Plaintiff Lenora B. Rowinski is a 53-year-old white female currently employed by DSA as a GS-11 Administrative Analyst in the Office of the Comptroller, within the Survey and Standards Division. She was assigned to this position in 1975 as part of a reduction-in-force; prior to that time, she had occupied a slot at the same grade level as an Employee Development Specialist in the Office of Civilian Personnel, within the Training and Incentives Division. She had been employed in the Office of Civilian Personnel since 1966,
Plaintiff Herbert W. Johnson is a 40-year-old black male currently employed by DSA as an Employee Development Specialist in the same Office of Civilian Personnel, within the Training and Incentives Division, and has held this position since June of 1971 at the GS-13 level.
Presently before the Court is the motion of plaintiffs to certify this case as a class action under Rule 23(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. They seek to
In opposing the requested certification, the defendant agency points out
If [the plaintiffs] are successful in their suit, this Court must fashion an appropriate equitable decree. Such a decree would of course be directed toward the discriminatory practices alleged and would thus afford injunctive relief to all victims of such discrimination, not merely to the plaintiffs bringing this action.
Gray v. I. B. E. W., 73 F.R.D. 638, 640 (D.D.C.1977). See also D. C. Podiatry Society v. District of Columbia, 65 F.R.D. 113, 115 (D.D.C.1974); Edwards v. Schlesinger, 377 F.Supp. 1091, 1093 & n. 9 (D.D.C.), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Waldie v. Schlesinger, 166 U.S.App.D.C. 175, 509 F.2d 508 (1974); Kinsey v. Legg, Mason & Co., 60 F.R.D. 91, 100-01 (D.D.C.1973), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Kinsey v. First Regional Securities, Inc., 557 F.2d 830 (D.C. Cir., 197).
The plaintiffs do, however, seek additional affirmative injunctive relief for themselves and for putative members of the requested class, in the form of retroactive promotions and back pay.
This Court agrees with the defendant agency’s arguments only in part. Although it is true that the claims of the
The broad class requested by the plaintiffs, however, does not appear appropriate to this case. The discrimination complained of here is alleged to have occurred in the Washington Headquarters Office of DSA. The only asserted connection between the employee personnel activities in DSA’s Headquarters and in its numerous field offices
Wherefore, it is by the Court this 29th day of July, 1977,
ORDERED that plaintiffs’ motion for class certification be, and hereby is, denied in part and conditionally granted in part; and it is further
ORDERED that the class be defined as: all blacks and females who are engaged in federal personnel work in a professional, non-clerical position within DSA’s Washington Headquarters offices, who have been subject to DSA’s alleged discriminatory actions.
. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e, et seq. Relief is sought also under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 201, et seq., as amended by the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, 29 U.S.C. §§ 621, et seq.
. Complaint at ¶ 1.
. See Affidavit of Henry E. Jacobs, Acting Staff Director of Civilian Personnel, Headquarters, DSA, at ¶ 2.
. See Complaint at ¶ 13.
. Id. at ¶ 16.
. See id. at ¶¶ 18-19.
. See id. at ¶¶ 14, 17.
. See Affidavit of Henry E. Jacobs, supra, at ¶ 3.
. See Complaint at ¶¶] 21, 23.
. See id. at ¶ 24.
. Plaintiff Johnson further challenges the fact that his lack of a college education was held against him—allegedly improperly—in connection with this promotion. See Complaint at ¶ 25.
. Plaintiff’s Motion for Certification of Class Action at 1.
. Counsel for the defendant agency raised this point for the first time at oral argument. In its papers, although not in open Court, the agency also attempted to argue, on the basis of two recent Supreme Court decisions, Brown v. General Services Administration, 425 U.S. 820, 96 S.Ct. 1961, 48 L.Ed.2d 402 (1976), and Weinberger v. Salfi, 422 U.S. 749, 95 S.Ct. 2457, 45 L.Ed.2d 522 (1975), that a class action may not be maintained unless each member of the putative class has individually exhausted his administrative remedies. This argument has been found lacking in merit by two other district courts and this Court finds likewise. See Williams v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 415 F.Supp. 454, 456-57 (M.D.Tenn.1976); Predmore v. Allen, 407 F.Supp. 1067, 1068-69 (D.Md.1976). As has been stated by the Fifth Circuit, . . it is not necessary for unnamed members of the class ... to exhaust their administrative remedies as a prerequisite to class membership.” Eastland v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 553 F.2d 364, 372 (5th Cir. 1977). See also Keeler v. Hills, 408 F.Supp. 386, 388 (N.D.Ga.1975); Sylvester v. U. S. Postal Service, 393 F.Supp. 1334, 1341 (S.D.Tex.1975).
. See Complaint at ¶¶ 36-38.
. See id. at TUT 39^10.
. See notes 6-7 and 9-11 supra and accompanying text.
. See Defendant’s Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Certification of Class Action at 12.
. See note 5 supra and accompanying text.
. See note 11 supra; Complaint at ¶ 20.
. There apparently are approximately twenty DSA field offices nationwide in which personnel professionals are employed.
. On this point the defendant agency has submitted the affidavit of Henry E. Jacobs, DSA’s Acting Staff Director of Civilian Personnel, wherein he states that “. . . each of the field offices is responsible for its own hiring programs and staffing (selection) decisions. The Headquarters, Civilian Personnel Directorate does not have hiring responsibility or authority to approve the selection of any employees in field activities which are outside of the Directorate itself.” Id. at ¶ 10.
. Both plaintiffs occupy (or occupied) the position of Employee Development Specialist, jobs series # 235. This is apparently only one of five distinct professional personnel series classifications at DSA. See Affidavit of Henry E. Jacobs, supra, at ¶ 7.
It is noted that there are approximately “40 professional positions” in DSA’s Headquarters Office. Id. at ¶ 5. Although it is not clear how many of these employees are blacks or women, the Court will certify such a class conditionally, as is provided by Rule 23(c)(1), pending a further showing by plaintiffs as to numerosity as required by Rule 23(a)(1). See MacRae v. McCormick, No. 76-1911 (D.D.C. July 7, 1977) (Slip Opinion at 7).
. It is noted that although the plaintiffs have brought suit also under the Equal Pay Act and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and have included within their requested class “persons over the age of 40 years,” they have neither in their papers nor in oral argument made reference to those statutes. While a purported class in an action arising under Title VII need satisfy only the requirements of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for class certification to be appropriate, when a class is certified under the Equal Pay Act or the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, certain further requirements must be met. See 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). Plaintiffs, who bear the burden of showing that class certification is appropriate here, have failed to even address these requirements, let alone show that they are satisfied in this case. Therefore, certification under these statutes will be denied. See Erpelding v. Thornhill, No. 6-70229 (E.D.Mich. Oct. 15, 1976); see generally Hull v. Continental Oil Co., 58 F.R.D. 636 (S.D.Tex.1973); Price v. Maryland Casualty Co., 62 F.R.D 614 (S.D.Miss.1972).