47 Mo. App. 465 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1892
This is an action based on sections-3921, 3922, Revised Statutes, 1879, to recover damages. The answers of the defendants were that a majority of the legal voters of DeKalb county, voting at an election for and against township organization, had voted for such organization, and that said county was governed by, and subject to, the provisions of chapter 162, Revised Statutes, 1879 ; that defendant Wood was a, .roadoverseer of the road district in which plaintiff’s-lands were situated. The defendants justified under an order of the township board of Dallas township, one of the townships in said county, directing the defendant-Wood as road overseer to open and prepare for public use a road over the plaintiff’s land. The other defendants were hands working under Wood in opening the road. The. replication denied the allegations of'the answer.
At the trial the defendants, to maintain the issue in their behalf, offered in evidence the order pleaded in the answer which was as follows:
“ ORDER TO ROAD OVERSEER TO OPEN PUBLIC ROAD.
“To Levi Wood, Road, Overseer of Road District Number 3, in Dallas Township, DeKalb County, Missouri.
“You are hereby notified that in compliance with an order of the board of directors of said township, made on the first day of February, 1886, you are required to open, according to law, forty feet wide so much of the public road lately located and leading from the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter, section 6, township 59, range 30, running west one mile to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of said section, township and range as lies in your district.
*469 “ Given under my hand, this the first day of February, 1886.
“W. R. Clark,
“Edwin Boyd, Clerk.
“President of Board.”
The introduction of which in evidence, over the-objections of the plaintiff, constitutes the principal ground of plaintiff’s complaint here.
The defendants offered no evidence of the adoption of the statute in relation to township organization. A properly certified copy of the abstract of the returns of the said election, as made out and certified by the clerk and spread upon the records of the county court of the-county, would have, without going further, primafacie established the adoption of the law. R. S. 1879, chap. 167, art. 1; State v. Searcy, 39 Mo. App. 393; State v. Weatherly, 45 Mo. App. 17. This was necessary to-show the authority of the township board to make the order under which defendants sought to justify. The ■adoption of the township organization statute is a matter of option with each county, and whether a particular county had adopted it is a matter always resting in pais. The courts cannot take judicial cognizance-of its adoption. It must be brought to the attention of the court by extrinsic evidence. Robinson v. James, 71 Mo. 582; State v. Hays, 78 Mo. 600; City of Hopkins v. Railroad, 79 Mo. 100; Spurlock v. Dougherty, 81 Mo. 171. This matter was not brought to the-attention of the court in the manner which we have indicated and, therefore, the township board was-without jurisdicton to make the order pleaded and under which defendants justify, unless, as defendants contend, the omission was supplied by parol evidence to which plaintiff made no objection.
An examination of the bill of exceptions sustains this contention. This evidence was inadmissible, and, had an objection been interposed to its introduction at the time, no doubt it would have been excluded ; but
Plaintiff further contends that, even if the township board was invested with authority to lay out new roads and order the same opened as provided in sections 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 of the act approved March 29, 1883, Acts, 1883, pages 206-7, the order offered in evidence was insufficient to justify the acts on the part of the defendants of which complaint is made. Section 30 of the act just named provides that when the township board “shall be of opinion that a road ought to be established, they shall order a survey thereof to be made by the county or other surveyor describing the routes by courses and distances and also the lands over which the road shall pass, etc. Section 31 of the same act provides that, “ whenever the township board of directors shall determine to lay out any néw road or alter any old one, they shall incorporate such survey in an order signed by them declaring such road so altered or laid out to be a public highway, which order with the -petition and plat or survey, shall be filed with the township clérk, etc. Section 30 of the act already referred to provides that ‘ ‘ upon the report of the surveyor it appears that the persons through whose land the proposed road passes have relinquished the right of way, and the damages for the right of way not relinquished have been paid as therein provided, the board may order the road to be opened and the lands over which it passes shall become a highway,” etc. Now it is obvious that the report of the surveyor describing the routes by courses and distances, and also the land over which the road will pass, is part of the judgment of the township board declaring the road laid out to be a public highway. It is this judgment or order which it is the duty of the overseer of highways to execute.
The order pleaded and offered in evidence has not incorporated in it the report of the surveyor describing the routes by courses and distances, the land over which the road passes, nor the other facts in respect to the relinquishment of the right of way, the assessment and payment of the damages, etc., as required by said sections 30 and 31. But it may be contended that the statute provides for two orders, the one declaring the road laid out and the other that it be opened, the latter specially directed to the overseer of highways, which we do not think to be the fact; but, if so, we do not see how the survey can any more be dispensed with in the latter than in the former order. The survey is intended in a large measure for the guidance of the overseer of highways in opening the road. The order directs the opening of the road on a line dividing equally a section of land from the east to the west; whether the strip, forty feet wide, over which the road passes is to be found on the north or south side of this dividing line, or whether it bestrides the line, or upon whose lands it is to' be opened, or whether the right of way has been in any way acquired, the order in question did not inform the overseer. The order, it seems to us, is so vague, uncertain and wanting in the statutory essentials that the overseer was not bound to obey it; or if he did it was at his peril, unless there is something more in the record of the township board to aid it.
If the order declaring the road laid out and ordered to be opened had been sufficient in point of form, as it was not, then such an order would have been a protection to defendants. If the township board had
Whether the necessary petition signed by the required number of householders was presented to the township, or whether the notice of its presentation had been posted up, or whether other steps were taken or not which are required by statute to precede the making of the orders declaring the road laid out and opened, is a matter which defendants were not bound to know or to inquire into. The face of the order, if regular, was as far as they were bound to go. This view is fully sustained by Melcher v. Scruggs, and Howard v. Clark, supra, and the authorities there cited.
The case,where a road overseer is seeking to justify his action under an order of a county court or of a township board for the opening of a public road, is to be distinguished from cases like Fisher v. Davis, 27 Mo. App. 321; Whitely v. Platte Co., 73 Mo. 30, and from the class of which Ells v. Railroad, 51 Mo. 200, is a type. The reason upon which the rule protecting road overseers rests is very tersely and forcibly stated by Judge Scott in Douglas v. Stephens, 18 Mo. 358, and Walker v. Likens, 24 Mo. 298. We think the order or judgment of the township board offered in evidence, standing unsupported, alone and by itself, was insufficient to justify the defendants in the commission of the acts complained of, and should have been excluded.
The instructions asked by the plaintiff should have been given, and that given for the defendant should have been refused.
As we shall reverse the judgment and remand the cause, it is proper to state that, if at another trial of
The judgment is reversed, and cause remanded.