71 N.Y.S. 1080 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1901
The defendant moves to vacate the attachment, commanding the sheriff of any county to satisfy the plaintiffs’ demand of $18,365.89, with costs and expenses, upon the ground that the papers upon which the attachment was granted were in
The objection made is that, neither by any of the causes of action, singly, nor by the union of all stated together, does it appear that a certain sum is due and owing from the defendant to the plaintiffs. As to the first, second and fourth causes of action the objection is not tenable. The writ of attachment is a substantial right designed to give to honest claimants, as against nonresidents or fraudulent debtors, security to render a judgment available which might otherwise be lost but for a preliminary levy upon such property as may be found. For any breach of contract' except a promise to marry, wrongful conversion of personalty, for negligent, fraudulent or other wrongful act causing injury to person or property, this remedy is afforded. (Code of Civil Procedure, § 635.) To confine the remedy to claims, exact in their amount, would nullify the provisions of the Code, and in many cases greatly limit the beneficial character of the writ. In an action for goods sold and delivered upon a just claim, the affiant might be unable to truthfully aver any liquidation or stating of the account, and be compelled to rely upon an averment of value. Tn an action for wrongful conversion of personal property, it would be impossible, as against a defendant refusing to admit any liability, to make the amount of the claim exact or certain save as estimates of valuation might indicate the approximate amount of damages.
And in this case in the dissenting opinion of Presiding Justice Van Brunt, it is inferentially stated, that, if the correct measure of damages, which was the difference between the price agreed for the purchase and the value of the article when it should have been delivered which, of course, was a matter of estimate, had been stated in the affidavit, the attachment might have been sustained.
The true reason why courts are chary of seizing property upon a claim not established by judgment upon unliquidated demands is the danger, by the oppressive use of the writ of attachment, of securing sums stated far beyond the amounts which are ascertained afterwards upon the trial to be the limit of the actual indebtedness. But this danger may be avoided by the exercise of wise discretion; and a middle course, which is generally the one of safety, may be followed without impairing the useful power of the writ, and without oppression to the defendant. The court has always the inherent power to prevent its processes being used for improper purposes, and that power can always be exercised when an application to grant, modify or vacate any of its writs is made by a suitor coming within its jurisdiction. The original writ of attachment is not to be granted as a matter of course, even where apparent grounds to justify its issuance are stated in the papers formally presented to the court. The writ is discretionary, as also the application to modify or vacate. Haebler v. Bernharth, 115 N. Y. 459, 463.
I see no reason, therefore, to prevent the exercise by this court of its power to retain the writ of attachment for an amount reasonably justified by the papers on which it was granted, and to modify its force by a reduction of the plaintiffs’ demand to such limits as may fairly be sustained. The statute itself seems to contemplate such a use of discretion, even upon the original application. It provides that the sheriff must attach sufficient to satisfy the amount of the plaintiffs’ demand, with costs and expenses. (Code Civ. Pro., § 640.) That does not mean the amount of the demand in the complaint but the amount of the demand sufficiently
I do not think the damages, as stated in the papers for the attachment upon the third cause of action, sufficiently ascertainable, with a reasonable certainty, so that I am justified in upholding the attachment as to that cause of action. As to the others I hold otherwise. The averments unexplained and uncontradicted by the defendant justify the right of recovery for the sums named in the statement of those causes of action.
The cases cited by counsel for the defendant do not militate against this view. In Thorington v. Merrick, 101 N. Y. 5, the Court of Appeals simply hold that the action was an equitable one, and that the papers show that the plaintiffs were only entitled to a judgment decreeing that certain pine lands were held in trust for the plaintiffs and for an accounting.
In the Union Con. M. Company v. Raht, 9 Hun, 208, the General Term of the First Department decided that, if the plaintiff chose to insert a cause of action which would not allow an attachment with another which did, such election on his part prevented the issuance of a writ. It is plain that in such a case the recovery might be for a cause of action upon which no attachment could have been issued, and yet the execution would find the property unjustly held, so that the practical result would be the satisfaction of that judgment through the process of attachment upon a claim for which an attachment would' not lie.
Here no such result can follow. If the plaintiffs had stated with sufficient precision to demonstrate to a reasonable certainty the approximate amount of their damages under the third cause
The motion, therefore, is denied, but the amount of the plaintiffs’ demand is limited to the sums stated in the first, second and fourth causes of action, apd the attachment is modified accordingly.
Ordered accordingly.