104 F. 355 | 6th Cir. | 1900
This action was brought in the court below for an injunction and accounting against the Boss-Moyer Manufacturing Company for infringement of letters patent granted to' Silas H. Bandall for an improvement in leather-trimming machines, issued Marcli 27, 1888, No. 380,20(5. After hearing, the court adjudged the machine in use by respondents, and made in conformity to letters patent granted subsequent to the Bandall patent to L. L. Miller, No. (511,181, dated September 20, 1898, for trace trimmer, an infringement of the Bandall patent, which the court found to he a valid invention. From that decree this appeal is taken to this court.
An examination of the letters patent and models in evidence in the case make it apparent that leather trimming machines, having the general features of the Bandall patent, were old at the time of that invention. Machines having bedplates, knives, carriages for the knives, adjustable for different widths of straps, screws to lock the carriage on the guide, and levers to hold the straps in. place between the knives for continuously trimming opposite edges thereof, had long been in use. The Osborn model in evidence is a machine having these various elements, permitting the strap to be threaded through the same, with levers the feet of which have a spring pressure upon the strap to hold it in position, the springs being operated by means of a torsion lever. Bandall recognized that he was entering an old field, for he begins his specification with the statement:
“My invention comprises a specific construction of those machines which are employed for simultaneously trimming the opposite edges of a trace or other similar strap.”
*357 “In the annexed drawings, Pig. 1 is a vertical section of my improved machine in condition for receiving a strap, said section being taken at the Sine, Z, Z, of Pig. 2. Pig. 2 is a plan of the machine, the presser feet being shown in their normal or depressed position. Pig. 3 is a front elevation of the machine, the feet being in the same position as in the preceding illustration. Pig. 4 is a side elevation of one of the levers, ’detached from its slide or carriage. Pig. 5 is a side elevation of said carriage, detached from the machine. Pig. ti is a sectionized plan of a carriage. Fig. 7 is an enlarged horizontal section, showing the knives in the act of trimming the edges of a strap. A represents the frame or bedplate of the machine, which frame has suitable provision for attachment to a bench or table, B. Been in Fig. 1. G, G', represent a pair of parallel guides running longitudinally of the frame, the front guide, O, having a chamfered edge, c, for a purpose that will presr-ently appear. Adapted to be adjusted along these guides is a pair of precisely similar slides or carriages, consisting of side plates, i), D'. Id. 15’, extending above and below said guides, and united at bottom by webs, d, e. d' and e' are extensions at the front ends of the plates, D', E, to which extensions the knives, P, F', are attached by screws or bolts, f, f'. The slides are retained in position by screws,. G, G', tapped into the webs, d, e, the points of said screw's bearing against the chamfered edge, c, of guide, G, and the screw, G, being preferably provided with a small hand wheel, g, because the slide, D, is the one that is the most frequently shifted. Pivoted within these side plates, I), I)', E, E', as at H, II', are swinging levers, I, ¡I, the front ends of which are bent inwardly at i, j, and then carried down at 1', j', which downward prolongations form the presser feet of the machine. Furthermore, each lever has a segmental cylindrical flange, i", j", concentric with tiie pivots, H, H', which flanges have thongs, chains, or wire cords, K, L, attached thereto. The thong, K, is secured to the front of said flanges, and the bend of said thong carries a weight or spring callable of causing the feet, i', j', to bear firmly upon the strap, P. In Pig. Í this thong is shown coupled to the free end of a spring, 3£, the other end thereof being suitably secured to tiie frame of bench, B. Thong, L>, is secured to the rear of flanges, i", j", and its bend is coupled to a treadle, N. O, O', are stops of these flanges, which stops bear against the rear side of guide, O', and thus .limit the opening of levers, I, J. See Pig. 1. This machine is operated in the following manner: Slide, E, E', is first screwed very firmly to the frame, and near the right end of guides, O, C', after which act the other slide, D, I)', is adjusted to the required width of strap, and retained in position by the screw, G; the stress of spring, M, serving to keep the presser feet, i', j', in contact with tiie upper surface of guide, C, as seen in Fig. 3. Treadle, 5T, Is then depressed, Thereby overcoming the stress of said spring, and causing the levers, I, J, to swing up until their respective stops, O, O', come in contact with the rear side of guide, C'. Ample room is now afforded for the insertion of the strap, P, between the opposing faces of slides, D. Í5, as seen in Pig. 7. Treadle, Is, is then released, so as to swing down the levers, I, J, and cause their respective feet, i', j', to hear upon the opposite edges of the strap at a point very near the cutting edges of file knives-. P, F'. The strap is then drawn forward in the direction of the arrow, the pressure of feet, i'. j', preventing any wrinkling or buckling of the leather, while tiie knives trim off the edges of the strap in the usual manner. The above is a, description of the preferred form of my machine; but in some cases either of the levers, I or J, may be pivoted to a fixture of the frame, instead of being hung upon a slide or carriage, as one shiftable carriage will afford a sufficient range of adjustment for all ordinary purposes.”
Having thus described his machine, the claim of the patent is as follows:
“An improved strap trimmer, consisting of the frame or bedplate, A, guides, C. O', and slides. I), I)', d, d', E, 15', o, e', carrying the knives, P, F', and swinging levers, I. i. i', i", J, j, j', j", said slides being- secured in place by set screws, G, G', ail combined as herein described.”
“The claims of the patent sued on in this case are claims for combinations. In such a claim, if the patentee specifies any element as entering into the combination, either directly by the language of the claim, or by such reference to the descriptive part of the specification as carries such element into the claim, he makes such element material to the combination, and the court cannot declare it to be immaterial. It is his province to make liis own claim and his privilege to restrict it. If. it be 'a claim to a combination, and be restricted to specified elements, all must be regarded as material; leaving open only the question whether an omitted part is supplied by an equivalent device or instrumentality.”
See, also, Brown v. Manufacturing Co., 6 C. C. A. 528, 57 Fed. 731.
Examining the claim of this patent, it is apparent that its statement describing the elements claifired by certain letters referring to the drawings and specification, can have no significance, unless the drawings upon which these letters are contained are examined in connection therewith. The inventor has told us that he claims a specific construction which his invention comprises. Having described his invention, this claim permits us to ascertain the extent of the monopoly secured. Following the letters therein used to describe his specific form of construction, we find the outlines thereof fully indicated. The claim is the same in that respect as if, instead of using the outline letters, the inventor had specifically described the parts of the mechanism thereby designated, as shown in the drawings referred to. Aside from the state of the art, which would necessarily limit the inventor to a narrow field, we find that he has recognized this fact by the statement of the character of his invention, and the minute description of the construction which he claims as his invention. In view of the other machines in evidence in the case, and after inspection of the patents and models, we conclude that the Kandall invention amounts to no more than to increase the effectiveness thereof by a combination of elements which are old. The patent must be sustained upon the theory that he has arranged old elements in a new way, so as to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of the former devices serving the same purpose. In the Osborn model, as we have said, we find all these elements. Kandall, however, has made an improvement of a limited character by substituting for the levers and springs of that mechanism a rising and lowering-lever, which is worked by means of a treadle and spring attachment, so that the same can be readily raised when the strap is taken from or inserted into the machine, and exert a yielding pressure upon the strap, to hold it in place while being trimmed. It is not necessary in the Randall mechanism to thread the strap into the machine, but
We therefore think that Eandall made a patentable improvement over the old mechanism shown, but in view of its limited character, and the statement in his specifications of the character of his invention, the claim must be limited to the elements shown and described within the letters indicating the elements thereof. In view of this construction of the patent, it remains to consider whether the machine made under the Miller patent embodies this construction. ' We find a considerable departure in the construction of the levers aiid the manner of operation thereof from those shown in the Eandall patent. The swinging levers are described in the Eandall claim by Urn levers, i, i', i", j, j', j", and in the specification are described as “swinging levers, I, J, the front ends of which are bent inwardly at i, j, and then carried down at i', j', which downward prolongations form the presser feet of the machine. Furthermore, each lever has a segmental cylindrical flange, i", j", concentric with the pivots, H, H', which flanges have thongs, chains, or wire cords, K, L, attached thereto.” These levers, with their cylindrical flanges, are thus made an essential part of the combination. This cylindrical flange is essential to the lever as described and shown. The segments operate