89 A. 888 | Conn. | 1914
The plaintiff, with two friends, was playing cards in the smoking-car of a train running from New York to Hartford, when it was suddenly stopped a short distance before reaching the New Haven station, and at the same moment a suitcase fell from the rack over the seat in which the plaintiff was then sitting and struck him on the head, inflicting an injury which then appeared to be slight, but from which serious consequences afterward developed. The plaintiff's friends had placed two suitcases in the rack, one over the other, before the train started from New York.
The plaintiff makes a twofold claim: first, that the suitcase was thrown from the rack by a train stop so unusually sudden and violent that, unless it was satisfactorily explained by the defendant, the jury might reasonably infer therefrom negligence in the operation of the train; and second, that if the stopping of the train was not unusual, and the fall of the suitcase was occasioned in whole or in part by the ordinary motion of the train, the defendant ought to have foreseen the danger and protected the plaintiff against it.
The witness who placed the top suitcase in the rack testified that it fitted in snugly, and that, as he intended to sit under it, he saw it was safe. There is no evidence that it afterward worked loose or shifted its position prior to the fall. The evidence as to the character of *67 the stop comes from the plaintiff and his witness, who describe it as "an awful jar," "like leaping over," "threw me forward," "a strong jolt," "we lunged forward," "gave us a very big jar, I never saw anything like it." Simultaneously the suitcase struck the plaintiff on the side of the head and landed in the middle aisle of the car.
The principal question is whether, from this testimony, the jury might reasonably have inferred negligence in the operation of the train. The conditions under which negligence may be inferred from sudden movements of trains and electric cars have been recently discussed in Work v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co.,
It is said that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur has no application to this case because the suitcase which caused the injury was not under the control of the defendant. But we are not inclined to follow the suggestion, contained in some of the New York cases, that the railroad company is bound to exercise only a reasonable degree of care in protecting its passengers from the risk of luggage falling from racks provided for its stowage. The furnishing of racks for that purpose invites passengers to use them to the extent of their apparent limit of safety, and imposes on the railroad, when the racks are so used, the duty of operating its trains so as not to endanger passengers sitting in the seats underneath such racks. If the defendant maintained racks of *69 such construction that there was a risk, not apparent to the ordinary passenger, in putting one suitcase on top of another, it should have given notice that it was dangerous to do so, either before the train started, or at some time during the hour and a half after the train started and before the accident happened. If any evidence had been offered from which the jury could reasonably have found that the rack in question could not safely hold two suitcases one on top of the other, we think the jury would also have been justified in finding that the defendant was negligent in giving no warning of that fact; for it is clear that a passenger sitting in a seat provided for that purpose is not bound to maintain a look-out to protect himself against the danger of falling luggage, unless perhaps when the danger is so obvious that it ought to attract the attention of any ordinarily observant person. But the evidence as offered pointed the other way and indicated that the suitcase in question was securely stowed in the rack before the train started; and there was no evidence that it was in fact dislodged, or was liable to be dislodged, by the ordinary motion of the train. Under this condition of the testimony the jury might reasonably have found that the proximate cause of the accident was the unusually abrupt train stop; and this, as already stated, is a cause peculiarly under the control of the defendant's servants.
There is error and a new trial is ordered.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.