107 Ga. 697 | Ga. | 1899
The indictment under which the plaintiff in error was tried and convicted was founded on section 446 of the Penal Code, which reads as follows: “Any person who shall sell, give, or furnish spirituous, intoxicating, or malt liquors to any person, in any quantity, within two miles of any election precinct, on days of election, either State, county, municipal, or primary elections, or elections held under the local option liquor law, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.” The two questions presented for our consideration are: First, do the words “days of election,” as they appear in the statute, limit-the period of time during which liquors shall not be sold, given or furnished, to the hours during which the polls are to remain open as prescribed by law, or do such words mean to fix such time as a day of twenty-four hours, commencing at midnight, preceding the opening of the polls for an election, and ending at-midnight succeeding the close of the polls ? Second, whether an election for constable is a State, county, or municipal election.
The argument of counsel for the plaintiff in error is, that the word “day” is used in the -statute in a conventional sense, that is, that the law fixes certain hours during which elections are to be held, from 7 a. m. to 6 p. m. at the court-house, and from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. at the precincts; that those hours constitute the day of election referred to in the statute, and not the time which elapses between two successive midnights. Mr. Blackstone, in the second book of his Commentaries, p. 141, says: “In the space of a day, all the twenty-four hours are usually reckoned, the law generally rejecting all fractions of a day in order to avoid disputes.” This court, in a number of cases, has held that fractions of a day are- not to be considered. Such rulings may be summed up in a terse phrase used by-Judge McCay in the case of Russell v. Carr & Co., 38 Ga. 462, when he said, “The general rule is, that the law makes no fractions of a day.” Courts in other jurisdictions have been called on to construe the same and similar words, in statutes
In the case of Kane v. Commonwealth, 89 Pa. St. 522, the-Supreme Court of Pennsylvania construed the meaning of the word “day,” as used in the statute of Pennsylvania, which was as follows: “ It shall not be lawful for any person, with or without a license, to sell any person any intoxicating drinks, on any day on which elections are now required to be held.” In that case, the trial judge instructed the jury as follows: “I charge you, as a matter of law, distinctly and positively, that, any sale of liquor made upon the day upon which elections, are held is a misdemeanor, and that the word ‘day,’ as used in that section, applies to the whole twenty-four hours, beginning at midnight of election morning and ending at midnight-of election night.” The Supreme Court, Chief Justice Sharswood delivering the opinion, said: “We have no doubt that, the court were right that the word- ‘ day,’ as used [in the statute] includes the whole twenty-four hours of the day upon which an election is held.” A like construction was given to the word “day,” in a similar statute, by the Supreme Court of Ohio in the case of Shuck v. State, 50 Ohio St. 493, and by the Court of Appeals of Kentucky in Commonwealth v. Murphy, 95 Ky. 38/ These authorities we think are in harmony with the evident purpose of our lawmakers, and we must rule, that the legal effect of our statute as einbodied in the Penal Code is to declare it a misdemeanor for any person to sell, give, or furnish spirituous, intoxicating, or malt liquors to another,, within two miles of any election precinct, from midnight preceding the opening of the polls until the succeeding midnight.
Affirmed.