10 Mont. 228 | Mont. | 1890
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal on behalf of Henry A. Root, an applicant for letters of administration on the estate of Andrew J. Davis, deceased. On the eleventh day of March, 1890, as appears by the record, Andrew J. Davis, then a resident of Butte City, Silver Bow County, this State, died at that place, leaving an estate of the estimated value of four and one half or five million dollars. Among others, John A. Davis, a brother, and one Henry A. Boot, a nephew, of deceased, petitioned the District Court, exercising its probate jurisdiction under the Constitution, for letters of administration on said estate; and each of said applicants also filed objections to the appointment of the other. (Prob. Prac. Act, § 64.) These petitions and contests were heard and determined by the court making an order overruling all objections to the appointment of John A. Davis, and granting to him letters of administration upon said estate. Appellant, Henry A. Boot, thereupon made a motion for new trial in said matter upon the following grounds: First. Insufficiency of the evidence to justify the judgment, decision, and order of the court, and that the same is against law. Secondl. Errors of law occurring at the trial and excepted to by the party making this application. (Prob. Prac. Act, §§ 323-327; Code Civ. Proc. §§ 295-301.) Motion for new trial was made upon a statement of the case, and being
Our statute (§ 55, Prob. Prac. Act), provides the order of precedence in which letters of administration must be granted as follows: “Letters of administration on the estate of a person dying intestate must be granted to some one or more of the persons hereinafter mentioned, who are respectively entitled thereto in the following order: First, the surviving husband, or wife, or some competent person whom he or she may request to have appointed; second, the children; third, the father and mother; fourth, the brothers; fifth, the sisters; sixth, the grandchildren ; seventh, the next of kin entitled to share in distribution of the estate; eighth, the public administrator; ninth, the creditors; tenth, any person legally competent.” The persons, however, entitled to letters of administration as prescribed in the foregoing section are subject to a provision of the same section, to the effect that “no person who is not a resident of this State shall be appointed administrator;” and also to the provisions of section 59, as follows: “ No person is competent to serve as administrator or administratrix who, when appointed, is, first, under the age of majority; second, convicted of an infamous crime; third, adjudged by the court to be incompetent to execute the duties of the trust by reason of drunkenness, improvidence, or want of understanding or integrity.” In section 64 of the Probate Practice Act it is provided that “any person interested may contest the petition by filing written opposition thereto on the grounds of incompetency oí the applicant.” Under the provisions of these statutes it is clear that letters oí administration “ must be granted ” to applicants in the order prescribed by statute, to the exclusion of others, unless the applicant is disqualified by reason of being a non-resident of this State, or a minor, or having been convicted of an infamous crime, or adjudged by the court to be incompetent to execute the duties of the trust by reason of drunkenness, improvidence, or want of understanding or integrity. Respondent, John A. Davis, occupies a place precedent to appellant, Henry A. Root, in right to letters of administration upon this estate by the pro
The objections set up by appellant against the appointment of John A. Davis me, first, that he is a non-resident of this State; second, that he is incompetent to execute the duties of the trust by reason of drunkenness, improvidence, want of understanding, and integrity. Evidence was introduced in support of these allegations on the part of Henry A. Root, as well as evidence as to the qualification of John A. Davis, and in his defense agamst the objections to his appointment. The assignments of error contaiued in the record relate, first, to the alleged insufficiency of the evidence to justify the findings of the court against the alleged causes of incompetency; and secondly, to errors of law, alleged to have occurred at the trial, and excepted to by appellant. These matters will now be considered in the order set forth in the record. .
The first ground of error assigned is, in effect, that the evidence is insufficient to support the finding of the court that respondent was not disqualified, and should not be adju'dged iucompetent by reason of drunkenness. Upon a careful review of all the evidence introduced, we find no error in the conclusion reached by the court below upon this question. This question does not turn upon the fact that the applicant is shown to be in the habit of using intoxicating liquor to some extent. However reprehensible that habit may be as regarded from a moral point of view, it .is not within the province of the court to deny letters of administration to an applicant on the ground of mere use of intoxicants. The drunkenness contemplated by this statute undoubtedly is that excessive, inveterate, and continued use of intoxicants to such an extent as to render the subject of the habit an unsafe agent to intrust with the care of property or the transaction of business. It is a matter of common knowledge that the appetite for intoxicating liquor takes such strong hold upon some individuals as to become a controlling influence. The appetite strengthens by each successive indulgence. The will force becomes too feeble to resist the craving of the appetite; indulgence is unrestricted, constant,
In the case at bar it is admitted by appellant’s counsel that the evidence introduced to establish the incapacity of John A. Davis by reason of drunkenness is meager. Witnesses introduced in support of that charge testified that he drank intoxicating liquor, and some testified that he used the same to considerable extent at times, yet none of these witnesses would undertake to say that he was incompetent to transact important business; nor did they testify to other facts from which the court could reasonably draw that conclusion. In defense against this allegation it was proved by a number of witnesses on behalf of respondent, that during his residence in Butte City, since the fall of 1885, up to the fall of 1888, he was engaged in the wholesale grocery business at that place as the senior member of the firm of Davis & Co.; that he was attentive to that business, and conducted it with such care and foresight that he acquired the reputation of being a conservative, successful, and clear-headed business man, and that other business men of that city sought his counsel in reference to business transactions. The testimony introduced on behalf of John A. Davis shows that since the fall of 1888, when he retired from said wholesale grocery business, he has been engaged in attending to important business matters for the First National Bank of Butte, and also for the deceased, Andrew
Improvidence was set up as ground of disqualification of respondent, and it is urged that the court erred in finding that the same was not established by the evidence. In support of this ground of disqualification, our attention is called" to two facts shown by the evidence. First, that respondent, at the advanced age of sixty-one years, is not possessed of property of any considerable value; secondly, that since 1885 he has not supported his wife and minor children. As to the latter fact, the evidence shows that a separation took place between respondent and his wife in 1885, and that he has not supported his wife and two minor children since that time.
These facts do not tend to prove either the providence or improvidence of respondent. He may have attended all his transactions in reference to the management of property with the best of foresight, and “hoarded his gain with a miser’s care,” and yet not supported his wife and children. Nor does the fact that respondent has no estate, standing alone, sustain the charge of improvidence. (Emerson v. Bowers, 14 N. Y. 449.) Improvidence is defined to be a want of care and foresight in the management of property. (Coope v. Lowerre, 1 Barb. Ch. 45; Webster’s Dict. 10 Encycl. of Law, 321.) The symptoms of an improvident temperament would, evidently, be carelessness, indifference, prodigality, wastefulness, or negligence in reference to the care, management, and preservation of property in charge.
It is said in Coope v. Lowerre, supra: “The improvidence which the framers of the Devised Statutes had in contemplation, as a ground of exclusion, is that want of care and foresight in the management of property which would be likely to render the estate and effects of the intestate unsafe, and liable to be lost or diminished in value by improvidence, in case administration thereof should be committed to such improvident person.”
Want of understanding was alleged as a ground of disqualification of respondent, and the finding of the court against the existence of that fact is assigned as error, on the ground that such finding is not supported by the evidence. This proposition is not supported by any evidence found in the record; the tenor of all the evidence is to the contrary, and, moreover, the charge is incompatible with another charge and theory wrought out of the evidence, to be further considered, namely, an alleged design on the part of respondent to defraud certain heirs of their rightful shares of said estate, and an alleged conspiracy entered into by respondent with others to carry out that fraudulent purpose. Not only the tenor of the evidence, as we view it, but the construction put upon the evidence by appellant’s counsel, contradicts the allegation that respondent is wanting in understanding.
The further and last ground of disqualification urged by appellant against the issuance of letters of administration to respondent is “want of integrity.” The finding of the court against that alleged disqualification is assigned as error, for the alleged reason that such finding was not supported by the evidence. In passing upon this question it will be necessary, also, to consider and determine the alleged errors of law assigned in reference to the exclusion of certain testimony offered at the trial on behalf of appellant. In addition to the fact that “con
The testimony which appellant insists indicates a want of integrity on the part of John A. Davis will now be examined.
It appears by the testimony of respondent, that about three years ago, on an occasion when he was summoned as a grand juror for Silver Bow County, on his examination under oath as to his qualifications to act as such, he excused himself from such service by saying he was a citizen of Chicago. This fact, coupled with the further fact that respondent testified in the trial of this case that he had resided in Silver Bow County since the fall of 1885, is construed by appellant’s counsel as showing that respondent has falsely testified, either in one case or the other. We think it is a self-evident proposition that one who deliberately and knowingly violates the sanctity of his oath is wanting in integrity.
One of appellant’s counsel asserts in his brief that John A. Davis, “ being examined under oath, in order to escape jury duty as a citizen, he falsely testified that he then resided in
Respondent Davis, testifying in this respect, said he had resided in Butte ever since the fall of 1885. He was residing there when summoned to serve on the grand jury, and as to that matter he says in his testimony; “ I excused myself on account of citizenship about three years ago. I think in that conversation I told the judge, probably, that I was not a citizen here. I think that was as much as two years ago. I know the judge asked me at the time if I intended to become a citizen here. I told him I had not decided; I told him I wás a citizen of Chicago.”
In viewing this evidence it appears very plainly that the respondent made a distinction between residence and citizenship.
There is no other evidence on this matter than the testimony of respondent. It is simply the evidence of respondent as to his intention respecting liis- citizenship, and the expression thereof before the court two or three years ago. It is not uncommon for a man to dwell or reside in one country and at the same time claim his citizenship in another. We find nothing in this evidence to justify the inference drawn therefrom by appellant’s counsel.
Appellant further undertakes to impeach the integrity of John A. Davis, by attributing to him a design to defraud certain heirs of said estate of there rightful shares thereof, and in furtherance of such design, a conspiracy entered into by respondent, John A.¿ and his brother Erwin to carry such purpose into effect. To establish this fraudulent, design and conspiracy, appellant’s counsel point, first, to the testimony of Mrs: Ellen Cornue, a sister of appellant, Henry A. Root.
It appears by the record that during the last illness of deceased, Ellen Cornue was summoned from New York State, by telegram, to visit her uncle Andrew. In her testimony on behalf of Henry A. Root, the appellant, she relates that soon after her arrival in Butte City she learned from the attending physician that her uncle could not survive many days. That upon learning this, she said to her uncle John, the respondent, “What a surprise it would be to those
After Ellen Cornue related that conversation as aforesaid, John A. Davis testified as to the same conversation. His version of it contradicts Ellen Cornue’s evidence in that respect, except that they both agree that she commenced said conversation. It does not appear that on any occasion John A. introduced such subject, nor any subject kindred to the one mentioned in said conversation, although he was in company with his niece, Ellen Cornue, frequently at Butte City, and they traveled together thereafter from Butte, Montana, to Springfield, Massachusetts; nor does it appear that John A. sought to persuade this niece, or any one who had knowledge of the vast estate left by deceased, to join him in suppressing that knowledge from other heirs, or in defrauding or misinforming them as to the estate. On one occasion alone this niece introduced a conversation as to the surprise that awaited the other heirs, and according to her narrative, John A. intimated that he harbored improper intentions toward other heirs. This he emphatically denies, and gives a different version of said conversation.
The most that can be said of this evidence is that it is conflicting, and the court, having the witnesses before it, decided between the conflicting statements. The well-established rule often announced by this court is that in such a case the decision will not be disturbed.
We pass to another incident connected with this branch of the case upon which counsel for the appellant lay great stress, as bearing upon the alleged evil designs of John A. Davis
The remarks of Erwin Davis at said meeting are repeated with considerable variation, in important features, by some seven witnesses who were present, and who testified on this hearing on the part of the appellant Eoot. Eor instance, it is observed that some of these witnesses report Erwin as making the remark, Avhen he referred to said estate, “ If there is any estate,” while Henry A. Eoot, the appellant, a laAvyer by profession, Mr.
Mr. Cummings testifies that Erwin, in the course of his remarks at said meeting, said: “If there was any estate for us it would be obtained after a great deal of litigation.” In the same connection, according to this witness, Erwin spoke of the “supposed illegitimate child, and said there would be either eleven heirs or one, and that in an emergency some person should be given authority to act in regard to him if anything came up.”
After Erwin Davis finished his remarks, appellant Eoot made some remarks to those assembled, in which he, in effect, contradicted or modified the statements made by Erwin, and advised the heirs not to sign any power of attorney or other paper as suggested by Erwin, at least until they had advised with counsel. This appears to have ended the meeting.
It is shown that after the meeting Erwin and John A. still advised their sisters to sign the paper authorizing Erwin to represent them concerning their interests in Montana, but in •what respect and to what extent this paper authorized him does not appear. It is intimated by appellant’s counsel that said paper may have been a document of different purport from that represented by Erwin. That document, however, does not appear in evidence, nor does any witness state anything as to its contents, nor does it appear that Erwin sought to conceal its contents. No evidence is found in the record to show that there was anything in said paper contrary to what Erwin represented, nor that Mr. Eoot, a lawyer present and disputing the propriety of the heirs signing it, could not have freely examined its contents if he desired.
After the conversation between Mrs. Cornue and respondent had been related by her, and the incidents of said meeting at the Massasoit House had been narrated by many witnesses on the part of appellant, John A. Davis ivas recalled for further cross-examination by appellant’s counsel, and testified to the following effect: That prior to the said meeting at the Massasoit House, he had not seen his brother Erwin but once during a
After the aforementioned testimony was introduced on the part of appellant, his counsel offered to prove by him the following facts in opposition to John A. Davis for letters of administration on said estate, to wit: “ That shortly prior to the visit of Mr. Root to Montana, in the early part of March, this year, his uncle Erwin stated to him that there was no doubt his brother Andrew would shortly die; that Andrew could not live much longer; that his estate would have to be taken charge of and administered upon; that the proper persons to control the administration were himself (Erwin), Mr. Root, and Mrs. Cornue; that they could select some one to take charge of it; that there were very few of the heirs who needed anything; that there was no reason why many of them should receive anything; that the interests of most of them could be acquired, if he (Erwin) controlled the administration, for very little; that the possession of money would be an injury to most of them; that if he could get control of the administration, he could do pretty much what he pleased toward acquiring the interests of the others; that something, of course, would have to be done for Andy in Butte (meaning Andrew J. Davis, Jr., a nephew of deceased); that he, Henry A. Root, should have all he was entitled to; that brother John would have to have his share; that the only one of the others that could give him (Erwin) any trouble would be Smith, of California, and that if he resisted
This proffered evidence was rejected by the court upon objection on the part of respondent, as being incompetent and immaterial, to ■ which ruling appellant excepted, and the same is assigned as error.
At the same time appellant further offered to prove, “ that, on the conclusion of the meeting at the Massasoit House, Erwin Davis said to Mr. Cornue, ‘ What is the matter with Henry ? [meaning Henry A. Root] I thought he understood the arrangement between us; he was to be in; that speech of his has cost me some millions.’ ” In making this offer appellant by counsel said: “I offer to prove that he made these remark last mentioned to Mr. Cornue, and separately to Mrs. Cornue, but I have no right to say, and do not say, that it was within the hearing of John A. Davis.”
Upon objection by respondent’s counsel to the introduction of that testimony, on the ground that it was incompetent and immaterial, the court refused to allow the same to be proved, to which action appellant excepted, and assigns the same as error. Mr. Cornue testified to this same matter, on his examination as a witness on the part of appellant, in which testimony he said: “The conversation in the hall between Erwin and me, just referred to by me, was somewhat of a whispered conversation between Erwin and me.” On motion, that part of Mr. Cornue’s testimony wherein he related said conversation was stricken out by the court, which action of the court is excepted to, and is assigned as error.
The manager of the Western Union Telegraph office at Butte, in obedience to a subpoena duces tecum, brought into
The only theory upon which said evidence which was stricken out or excluded could be admissible against John A. Davis, is that the existence of a conspiracy between him and his brother Erwin, to defraud other heirs, had already been established by competent proof. Had that conspiracy been established? By proof of what transaction, incident, or act are we to find that John A. Davis had conspired with his brother Erwin to defraud other heirs of their rightful shares of said estate? These brothers had not met for more than thirty years, except for the brief space of two hours, some ten years ago, until they met on that solemn occasion, at the Massasoit House, on the morning of their brother Andrew’s funeral. It was in evidence that no communications had recently passed between them. Indeed, it does not appear that they had communicated with one another for a period of ten years. Up to this time the evidence shows no fact which gives the slightest color of credence to the allegation of such conspiracy. Even if we take Mrs. Cornue’s version of her conversation with her uncle John as absolutely true, there was no reference in it to the fact that John and Erwin proposed to co-operate together.
On the arrival of John at the Massasoit House in charge of his deceased brother’s body, he found awaiting him several aged sisters, his brother Erwin, and a number of other relatives of deceased. John tells in his testimony, on cross-examination, what occurred both prior to the funeral and after that event up to the time of said meeting oí the heirs. It amounts to nothing more than a narrative of a hasty greeting between these brothers and sisters, who had scarcely met between youth and old age; the preparation for the funeral; the journey oí
This may have been an honest belief. If he was mistaken, we cannot say that it was not an honest mistake. He advised his sisters to sign the paper authorizing Erwin to represent their interests in Montana. There could be no vice in this as far as shown, because it does appear that it might not, under certain circumstances, be expedient, provided the person delegated was a trustworthy agent. There is nothing to show that John did not honestly and firmly believe in his brother Erwin’s integrity when he advised signing such a paper. Mr. Eoot also expressed the idea that it would be proper for these heirs to be represented in Montana, for he said to them at said meeting that he was going to represent himself and sister, and if any of them wanted him to look after their interests he would do so with pleasure. If John A. Davis was conspiring with his brother Erwin to carry out the alleged fraudulent purpose, it is a strange circumstance that he sat in said meeting and heard Mr. Eoot contradict Erwin, both as to facts and as to the propriety of his advice to the heirs, and yet he offered no remarks calculated to put Mr. Eoot in a false light, or discredit his statements.
Is it not unnatural for a man, desperate enough to conspire for the consummation of such a nefarious scheme, inspired by
In our view the court committed no error in striking out and’ excluding the evidence mentioned, on the ground that no conspiracy had been established. Even if that evidence had been* admitted, we fail to see how it could have strengthened appellant’s theory in respect to the alleged conspiracy, or how ife would have involved John A. Davis therein. In the whispered conversation between Mr. Cornue and Erwin Davis, in the hall of the Massasoit House, offered in evidence, Erwin is reported as saying: “What is the matter of Henry? [meaning Henry A. Eoot] I thought he understood the arrangement between us. He was to be in, and you were to be in.” No reference is made to John A., and it is admitted that this remark was not within his hearing. Had this evidence been admitted, there was nothing in it for John A. to defend against or explain, unless it was to deny that he had any knowledge of the arrangement which
In the evidence offered to be proved by Mr. Eoot on his own behalf, Erwin is reported as having sought out Mr. Eoot, and not only made a confidant of him, but named him as a party to Erwin’s alleged fraudulent scheme. Erwin is reported as having laid before Mr. Eoot the details of his alleged fraudulent scheme. He is reported by Mr. Eoot as having introduced this subject by saying: “Andrew would shortly die; he could not live much longer; that the estate would have to be taken charge of and administered upon; that the proper persons to control the administration were himself (Erwin), Mr. Eoot, and Mrs. Cornue.” Then he is alleged to have gone on and unbosomed •his fraudulent plans and purposes to Mr. Eoot. This occurred fin New York. John A. was several thousand miles away at "the time. In the course of this interview Erwin said “ that it • would be necessary to go to Montana and carry out the arrangement, get charge of the estate, and put it in the hands of some one representing them.”- John A. was living in Montana, the trusted brother and companion of Andrew, whose estate was the subject of this alleged plot. "Why the necessity of going to Montana, “ and carry out the arrangement, get charge of the estate,” etc., if John A. had joined, or was relied upon to join, .the others in consummating this alleged fraud?
It is in evidence that Mr. Eoot had been educated by his 'uncle Erwin until he arrived at the age of about eighteen years. .It also appears by the evidence that at the time of said interview, and for some time prior thereto, Mr. Eoot was the attorney for his uncle Erwin, attending to most of his law business, which was considerable. According to Mr. Eoot’s own testimony, shortly after said alleged interview, he came to Montana, arriving the 2d or 3d of March. He found his uncle Andrew sick and unconscious, and was informed by the attending physician that his uncle Andrew could not recover. He then interviewed two attorneys and counselors of his uncle Andrew, in respect to Andrew’s affairs, and as to whether he had made a will. Having learned what he could from them, he sought and obtained an interview with his uncle John, the respondent, in which Mr. Eoot proposed himself as a proper party to take
It is further asserted by appellant that John A. Davis harbored a design to join with Jefferson Davis, the alleged illegitimate son of deceased, and attempt to take the whole estate by virtue of the alleged son’s heirship. This accusation is based upon certain remarks which John is alleged to have made.
Mary E. Cummings testified that on the forenoon of the next day after said meeting of the heirs at the Massasoit House, she had a conversation with her uncles John and Erwin, in the parlor of said house, in the presence of her mother, her sister, Mrs. Cummings, and her aunt Diana. The witness testifies that at first they were engaged in social talk, and afterward the conversation turned on the question of the heirs signing said paper for Erwin; that her mother then stated that she had
We have carefully considered this testimony, not only as to its substance, but also in relation to the circumstances which surrounded the parties speaking, and the other testimony recorded in the case. In itself this testimony shows that what is quoted by the witness must have been a mere fragment of some conversation, of which the context is not given. This is apparent from the sentence quoted, “ I can go in with the boy and take the whole.” The witness does not relate that anything had been said about any boy during that conversation. We are left to infer that “the boy” referred to was some person who had been spoken of in the conversation. It is no doubt a fair inference that the person who had been mentioned w'as the alleged illegitimate son of deceased, and that when John said “the boy” he referred to that person. If the conversation, of which the remark quoted is evidently a fragment, was laid before the court, it would probably show wdiether an evil or an innocent intention was the motive of that remark.
One of the persons whom this witness named as present at said conversation was a witness before the court, and testified on behalf of appellant, but she gave no testimony as to the substance of the conversation just referred to. If John A. Davis made such remarks, and “in a threatening manner,” or “by way of a threat,” it is strange that the sister, Mrs. Ada Cummings, who was present, and who testified in court on behalf of Mr. Root, says nothing about an occurrence of such importance, and so calculated to harrow the feelings of these expectant heirs. We only have such a fragmentary and disconnected report of it as to require inference or supposition to connect it
It should also be observed in this connection that if John A. Davis entertained thoughts of joining with said alleged son to attempt to claim the whole estate through his relationship to deceased, as appellant insists, this brings to light another conspiracy at least contemplated or threatened by John, while at the Massasoit House. According to this theory John is placed in the attitude of conspiring at one moment with Erwin to get charge of the estate and defraud certain heirs of their inheritance, and at the next moment, in the presence of Erwin and other heirs, seriously threatening to go in with a person whose claims, if established, would defeat Erwin and all the heirs who met at the Massasoit House, including John himself, of all hope of succeeding as heirs to this vast estate.
The record shows that at the Massasoit House much was said by some of the heirs assembled there about said illegitimate son in Iowa. Erwin suggested that some one be authorized to settle with that individual, to avoid litigation and scandal, and it appears that John favored that plan. It is apparent that a person, in discussing this matter with the fairest motives, may have said, “ I can go in with the boy and take the whole,” if in using that expression it was only meant to urge the importance of arranging a settlement, or authorizing some person to .attempt it. The context would be the best guide to show what the motive of the speaker was. John testifies that when he mentioned the said alleged son, in conversation with Mrs. Cornue, he used expressions somewhat similar in import. He testifies that he said: “ The big danger is this boy in Iowa that is making the claim. There is danger and trouble. I said anybody can take that boy and can prove anything down in Iowa. I said I could take the boy and prove anything.”
It appears by the testimony of respondent, that after the meeting at the Massasoit House, the other heirs having failed to concur in any arrangement to settle with said Iowa claimant, Erwin, on his own responsibility, authorized respondent to pay said claimant twenty-five thousand dollars to quiet his claims and avoid
The record shows that on the day following Andrew’s death, John A. Davis caused to be made, and he verified a petition for his appointment as administrator of the estate, in which he estimated the value thereof at four and one half million dollars, and named all the living brothers and sisters of deceased, and the issue of deceased brothers or sisters, as the heirs of said Andrew J. Davis, deceased. In this petition he made no mention of said alleged Iowa claimant. This petition he caused to be filed in court on the twenty-eighth day of March, before he returned from the East. There is no proof that John A. Davis has done any act in favor of said alleged son of deceased, or in violation of the rights of others who claim to be heirs to said estate. The attack upon the integrity of John A. Davis is not made by way of allegation and proof of any dishonest act, or default committed by him during a long life; but the attack on his integrity is made by construing certain expressions or suggestions, by way of advice, to mean that since the death of Andrew he has developed into a monster of depravity, and is disqualified to take the office of administrator by reason of want of integrity.
In drawing the proper conclusion from testimony of the character under consideration, it may be necessary for the court' to weigh the testimony of divers witnesses by considering their appearance and manner of conduct on the witness stand, and all the elements which ádd to or detract from the weight which should be given to testimony. From such legitimate reasons, the court, before whom the witnesses testified, may have disregarded or given very little credence to certain testimony which is made the basis of appellant’s charges against John A. Davis.
At the trial Andrew J. Davis, Jr., was called as a witness on the part of his father, John A. Davis. This witness testified that he was the confidential agent and business manager of his uncle Andrew for a long time prior to Andrew’s death, and knew about the effects of deceased. The witness testified generally as to the character and value of the assets belonging to the estate. On cross-examination it was developed that this witness claimed to own certain shares of stock in the First National Bank of Butte, formerly belonging to deceased, by virtue of a gift and actual delivery thereof to him by his uncle Andrew, at the time the latter was preparing to go to Tacoma, a few months prior to his death. The details of this alleged gift were inquired into, and the witness related them. Another witness was called and testified to the same effect. Respondent, John A. Davis, was questioned regarding the same matter on cross-examination, and said he did not know; that he had heard it said that his brother Andrew, shortly before the latter’s death, had given said bank-stock to Andrew J. Davis, Jr. The witness further said he did not recollect of ever having asked his son Andrew whether or not that rumor was true.
It is urged that this fact, that respondent’s son has a claim adverse to the interests of the heirs of said estate ought to disqualify respondent to take the office of administrator, on the theory that the respondent would be likely to favor his son’s claim. This fact has no bearing upon the question of John A. Davis’ integrity, nor upon any other ground of disqualification alleged against respondent. A man of the most upright character and of the strictest integrity, and free from all disqualifying conditions prescribed in the statute, may have a son who claims interests adverse to other claimants of an estate. It would be clearly unlawful to set aside the father’s right to letters of administration on such a pretense as that. If a dispute arise between Andrew J. Davis, Jr., and other claimants of said bank-stock, the law has ample facilities and methods to bring such
In defense against the attack made upon his integrity by appellant, respondent, John A. Davis, called a number of witnesses, who testified to the effect that they had knoAvn respondent a long time, and knew his reputation as to integrity in the community in which he lived, and that his reputation Avas good. The reception of this evidence is assigned as error. We have no hesitation in pronouncing the action of the court correct in receiving said testimony as to respondent’s general reputation for integrity, where one of the questions at issue was his want
Upon the views hereinbefore expressed, we are of the opinion that the order of the court below in overruling the objections to the appointment of John A. Davis, also the motion for a new trial, and granting to him letters of administration on said estate, ought to be affirmed, and it is so ordered, with costs.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). — I regret to announce that, for the first time since the organization of the government of this State, a judgment will be pronounced herein by a divided court. I think that the principles which control the issues of drunkenness, improvidence, or want of understanding in these proceedings have been laid down with legal precision. I concur in the opinion of the majority in upholding the implied findings of the court below, that John A. Davis should not be adjudged incompetent to be appointed the administrator of the estate of Andrew J. Davis, deceased, by reason of these objections which have been alleged, heard, and tried. There is a substantial conflict in the evidence upon the cause of drunkenness, and upon this ground alone the ruling under review can be sustained. The testimony of the respondent with reference to his excuse, which he submitted under oath to the District Court, and by which he secured exemption from service upon the jury in the case of the Territory v. Clayton, 8 Mont. 8, is contradictory and unsatisfactory. He uses the words “ citizen ” and £< resident” regardless of their exact meaning. In one answer he testifies: “ I have excused myself .... by saying that I was a resident of Chicago. I excused myself on account of citizenship about three years ago.” His statements are consistent with both theories of guilt and innocence, and I am willing to give him the benefit of the doubt and dismiss the charge of perjury.
Andrew J. Davis died March 11, 1890, and was buried on the eighteenth day of the month in the town of Somers, State of Connecticut. John A. Davis subscribed and verified, two days after the death of his brother, a petition for letters of administration upon the estate, and afterwards accompanied the remains of the deceased to the family burying ground. The petition, which alleges that the value of the real and personal property of the decedent is about four and a half millions of dollars, was not filed until March 28, 1890.
We will notice other facts about which there is no controversy. The capital stock of the First National Bank of Butte, in this State, is one hundred thousand dollars, and the undivided profits amount to the sum of six hundred thousand dollars; nine hundred and fifty of the one thousand shares of this bank stand upon the books thereof in the name of the
But assuming that this state of facts is insufficient to justify the Probate Court in refusing to appoint John A. Davis the administrator of the estate, it should compel a rigid scrutiny of the evidence with reference to his qualifications. I am unable to reconcile his conduct'with honesty or integrity in the treatment of the heirs of the deceased. After the funeral, a meeting of some of the relatives was held at the Massasoit House in Springfield, State of Massachusetts. Among those present were two sisters, Miss Diana Davis, aged seventy-six years, and Mrs. Sarah M. Cummings, aged sixty-nine years, two brothers, John A. Davis and Erwin Davis, and a number of nephews and nieces. Erwin Davis made some remarks upon this occasion, and the transcript contains the testimony thereof by Miss Cummings, Mr. Cummings, Mrs. Cummings, Mr. Ladd, Mrs. Ladd, Mr. Cornue, Mrs. Cornue, and Mr. Root. In ordinary cases, the general effect of the proof may be stated, but when the court is divided, and vast interests are involved, prolixity is unavoidable, and I will quote the language of each witness: —
Mrs. Cornue testified: “If there is a will, an estate can be settled within five years. Yet at the end of five years there might not be a dollar for any of us. If there is no will, it will take ten years, and at the end of ten years there probably might not be a dollar for us, as there will necessarily be great litigation. He spoke of there being debts very likely, and he said it was reported that there was an illegitimate child, and that if there was, that there would not be a dollar left for any of us. . . . . And then he turned to uncle John and said: 'You have lived in Montana and know the laws of Montana, am I not right about the time it takes to settle an estate?’ And uncle John said: 'Yes, it takes from five to ten years to settle an estate in Montana.’ .... He (uncle Erwin) mentioned five
Miss Cummings testified: “He (Erwin Davis) also stated that if there was a will it was possible that the estate could be settled in five years, and if there was no will it would take ten years or more before a distribution of the estate could take place.....He spoke several times in this way: ‘ If there be an estate.’ .... I think those were his words. Near the close of his remarks he turned to his brother John and asked him if he was correct about the laws of Montana, as he (John) had lived there, and John replied that he was; that it took about ten years to settle an estate in Montana. Uncle Erwin said that if there was no will, everything might be used up in litigation. He said he knew there would be large debts. I am sure he used the word ‘large’ in speaking of the debts.”
Mr. Cummings testified: “He (Erwin Davis) went on to state that if there was a will it would take five years to settle the estate in Montana; if not a will, from five to ten years. And if' there was any estate for us it would be obtained after a great deal of litigation. He spoke of the difficulty of settling an estate in a new Territory, and after speaking of that he turned to uncle John and asked him if he was not right. And uncle John said he was; that it would take from five to ten years to settle the estate.”
Mrs. Cummings testified: “Erwin Davis said at that meeting that if there was no will that would be the worst possible complication of' the affair, and that in that case it would take from five to ten years to settle up the estate, if there was any estate, which remarks he made several times, ‘if there was any estate.’ He said there would probably be large debts..... At the close of the statement he asked uncle John if he was right about its taking so long to settle up an estate in Montana, and uncle John said he was, and that it would take from five to ten years.”
Mrs. Ladd testified: “He (Erwin Davis) said it was to be hoped there was a will, because, in that case, if there was anything coming to us we might get it in five years, and if there
Mr. Ladd testified: “ He (Erwin Davis) further said that it was to be hoped that there was a will, in which case the property might be settled so that the heirs would receive what they were entitled to within five years; that if there was no will considerable litigation would necessarily follow, which would probably take so much time that it would be ten years before any division of the estate could be made, even if there was any of it to be divided.....There was a son who claimed to be an illegitimate son, and if he came forward to claim the estate, he could claim it, and there would be nothing left for anybody else.....He said there were probably large debts against the estate. Those were his words, as near 'as I can remember them.....He thought the estate would be settled in five years if there was a will, but that it would take ten years if there was no will. He then turned to his brother John and asked him: ‘Is that not so, John? You have lived in Montana, and know the laws out there/ And John Davis replied: ‘Yes, you are right; it would take from five to ten years to settle an estate in Montana/ ”
Mr. Cornue testified: “He (Erwin Davis) said if there was a will it would take five years to settle the estate, and if there was no will it would take ten years. He said there were debts against the estate.....At the close of his remarks Erwin turned to his brother John and said to him: ‘You have lived in Montana and know the laws there, what do you say?’ And uncle John said: ‘Yes, that is right; it takes from five to ten years to settle an estate there/”
Mr. Root testified: “He (Erwin Davis) said that a will had
The effect of these statements of Erwin Davis, and of the apparent concurrence of John A. Davis in their accuracy, upon the heirs who composed his audience, can be readily seen. They were addressed to persons who lived thousands of miles from Montana, and had no knowledge of the financial condition of the deceased, or the laws of this State which regulate the distribution of estates. The youngest of the brothers and sisters of the decedent was then sixty-three years old, and confidence would be naturally reposed in John A. Davis. He had been, according to the evidence, the trusted agent of his deceased brother, and possessed the information which the relatives at that time needed. He then knew that the deceased owed small sums, if anything; that the value of this estate exceeded seven million dollars; and that the settlement of estates in Montana did not require five or ten years, or any similar period of time. It was the duty of John A. Davis under these peculiar circumstances to have told the whole truth, but he deliberately refused to afford his kinsmen any light, and said nothing about his
In another particular, I think that John A. Davis is proved to be wanting in integrity. Erwin Davis requested the heirs at this meeting to sign an instrument of some character which conferred upon him some authority to represent them in the settlement of the estate. Root, the appellant, opposed this action, and advised every one of them to consult an attorney before he signed any paper, so that he could realize fully the consequences. Mr. Cummings testified: “ After Mr. Root had finished, and had gone out, and the rest of the company, uncle Erwin said to uncle John, ‘What was the matter with Root?’ He asked uncle John if he supposed Root had been drinking, and uncle John said he thought so. Uncle John also then said not to have anything to do with a lawyer; that he had had a good deal of law business, and found it was very expensive,
The same spirit of unfairness or deception upon the part of John A. Davis is shown in his efforts to assist Erwin Davis in procuring the signatures of the heirs to the written instrument which has been referred to. Miss Cummings testified: “ The meeting adjourned until one o’clock the next day. On that next day I had a conversation with my uncle John and uncle Erwin; my mother was present, also my sister, Mrs. Cummings, and aunt Diana. The conversation was in the forenoon, in the parlor of the Massasoit House. We were engaged in social talk at the first, when uncle Erwin asked my mother and aunt Diana if they. were ready to sign that little paper. And my aunt Diana said: ‘Oh, oh, no; wait until the rest come. You said I might be the last to sign it.’ Uncle John spoke and said: ‘If no one makes a beginning, if no one signs first, it will never be done,’ and he related a little story to illustrate his meaning. He said his wife was sick at one time, and he went to engage a nurse, and she would not go without a hired girl; and he went to get a hired girl, and the hired girl would not go without a nurse. After uncle John had told that story my mother told uncle Erwin that she had decided not to sign any paper. Erwin told her, ‘Very well. Then I shall do nothing for you. I shan’t ask you to sign again; indeed, I shan’t allow
Mrs. Cummings testified about the same interview: “Mr. Erwin Davis asked Diana Davis if she was ready to sign the paper, and she did not want to sign. She wished to wait until the other sisters came, and not to sign first. Mr. John Davis said that it was necessary for some one to sign first; that if they all put it off) they would never make a beginning.” John A. Davis testified: “I do not remember of a power of attorney being procured by brother Erwin to be signed by some of the elderly sisters. I do not remember of any endeavor by brother Erwin to get such signatures to a power of attorney in his favor. I myself did not make any endeavor to get any of the parties to sign for Erwin.” I have already observed that Erwin Davis was not called as a witness, although he was in the city of Butte during the hearing. The topics upon which John A. Davis swears that he talked are mentioned in his own words: “ As to the character of the conversation during that time, I had not seen my old sisters for about thirty years, nor my nephews or nieces; it was a sort of pleasant sad meeting. .... He (Erwin Davis) asked about my health, and I asked about his, and I joked my old sisters a little; told them they looked younger than I expected to find. They told me I looked young. That was the general character of the conversation.” This is a clear admission from the lips of John A. Davis that he never communicated to his relatives a single fact regarding the estate of the deceased. The occasion demanded of him
It is proved by the testimony that Erwin Davis is indebted to this estate in the sum of five hundred and thirty-six thousand dollars, which is evidenced by five promissory notes, that were kept in the vaults of the First National Bank of Butte. It is also shown that the deceased in his lifetime conversed thereon with A. J. Davis, Jr., Mr. Cornue, Mr. Boot, and Mrs. Cornue. A portion of this indebtedness has been due since the first day of January last past, and there are good reasons for thinking that Erwin Davis does not intend to pay the same, and that the entire amount may not be recovered for the benefit of the estate. There seems to have been some mysterious purpose in the acts and declarations of Erwin and John A. Davis to mislead the heirs. Twenty-nine telegrams, which passed between Erwin Davis and A. J. Davis, Jr., were offered in evidence and inspected by the court, and excluded upon the sole “ground that the applicant, John A. Davis, was not shown to have any knowledge” of them. These persons seem to have intimate relations respecting this estate, which could not be settled in the ordinary course of correspondence. The testimony of John A. Davis is another remarkable instance of want of knowledge, if not integrity, by one who was paid liberally for his fidelity to the business of the deceased. “I have never heard that my brother Erwin owed him anything.” A question of veracity arises between John A. Davis and Mrs. Cornue which I will not notice, for the view of the court upon this conflict cannot be disturbed. John A. Davis visited the so-called illegitimate son in the State of Iowa before his return to Butte, and prior to the filing of his petition for letters of administration, and testifies: “ Erwin and I, and several of us,, have combined in a common defense against the Iowa boy.”
When all the evidence is compared, I am forced to draw the following conclusions: A. J. Davis, Jr., asserts a claim to personal property, which prima facie belongs to this estate, and is of the value of six hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, and he and the attorneys who have been retained to litigate his rights in the first place are also employed by John A. Davis in these proceedings. Erwin Davis is indebted to the estate in
In Stearns v. Fiske, 18 Pick. 24, Mr. Justice Wilde, as the organ of the court, said: “ It appears that the appellant was very much under the influence of Barker, a debtor to the estate to a large amount, and who is charged with combining with the intestate, in his lifetime, to defraud his creditors. The appellant’s application for administration was made at his request, and not to protect or subserve her own interest. This
In Drake v. Green, 10 Allen, 124, Mr. Justice Hoar, in the opinion, says: “Thus, for example, a person who applies for administration may have interests conflicting with those of the estate. The probability that these would prove an embarrassment in the proper performance of his duty might be a sufficient reason for a refusal of the judge of probate to intrust him with the administration.” In Putney v. Fletcher, 148 Mass. 247, the court say: “ An executor or administrator is deemed unsuitable when he has any conflicting personal interest which prevents him from doing his official duty.” In State v. Bidlingmaier, 26 Mo. 483, the court, by Mr. Justice Scott, say: “So, in effect, Adolph Kehr, as administrator of one estate, is prosecuting a suit against Adolph Kehr, as administrator of another estate. How is the defendant’s estate to be protected? It is not for Kehr, with the bias on his mind, to determine whether it is indebted or not. That estate should be defended by one who has not an interest that it should go undefended.” In Moody v. Moody, 29 Ga. 519, there was a “contest between two brothers for administration on the estate of their father,” and the court, in speaking of one of them, said: “And so of the other fact, that he was claiming for himself a large part of the estate left by his father. If this were true, his interest was hostile to the interest of the estate, and estates, like everything else in life, are generally better off in the hands of their friends than in the hands of their enemies.” In Pichering v. Pendexer, 46 N. H. 69, the court discussed the fitness of Pickering to serve as an administrator, and said: “ It would seem that he asserts a claim to a considerable portion of the land in the occupation of the deceased at his death, and that this claim is contested by the heirs; and it may be the duty of the administrator to contest this claim, or at least to investigate it thoroughly,
While the application of some of these cases may be limited by the statutes under which they were made, the legal doctrines which are announced are undoubtedly correct, and would prevent the appointment of the respondent as the administrator of this estate. I maintain this proposition, when the testimony is weighed. But the relations of the parties have been radically changed by the fact which has been brought to the attention of this court by the attorneys for John A. Davis. They have caused to be filed with the record in the case the photographic copy of a will of the said Andrew J. Davis, deceased, which in effect gives to John A. Davis the entire estate, subject to “a lifetime maintenance” for three persons, who are not the lawful heirs. The executors who are nominated in this instrument have departed this life, and John A. Davis filed, July 25,1890, in the court below a petition duly verified, which concludes with the following prayer: “Wherefore, your petitioner prays, that the order hereinbefore mentioned, made by this court on the 28th of April, 1890, appointing him administrator of the said estate, be vacated and set aside; that the said will, a copy whereof is hereto annexed, be admitted to probate in this court and established by the judgment thereof; that the usual order be made fixing the day for the hearing of this petition, and due notice thereof be given to the heirs at law and devisees under said will of said deceased; and that the letters of administration, with the said will annexed thereto, be issued to your petitioner.” This new matter should be treated like the suggestion to this court of the death or disability of a party, or the transfer of his interest in an action or its settlement pending an appeal. The respondent, who has voluntarily produced this supplemental record, must abide by the consequences of his conduct. It is conceded by counsel that the appellant has filed objections to the probate of this will on the ground of its invalidity, while Erwin Davis and A. J. Davis, Jr., support the petition of John A. Davis, and admit that the document is