494 P.2d 922 | Mont. | 1972
delivered the Opinion of theg Court.
In midafternoon of July 28, 1970, an extremely severe rain and hail storm of “cloudburst” proportions hit the western residential area of Butte, Montana. The principal part of this storm lasted about half an hour and caused a tremendous amount of hail and water to fall in the area. This water flowed downhill following the contours of the land. In this process considerable water damage and flooding occurred to the residences, household furnishing and personal effects of the various plaintiffs. Additionally, one of the plaintiffs claims damages for personal injuries.
All of the plaintiffs reside in the Clark Street gulch area of the “Butte Hill”. The “Butte Hill” slopes generally from ■north, to south and is serrated by numerous gulches and gullies •which also drain from north to south. These gulches and gullies, with their accompanying ridges and slopes, are largely covered “by residential properties with paved streets and alleys.
The Clark Street gulch area here involved is about four blocks wide in an east-west direction and at least three or four times as long in a north-south direction. Clark Street occupies the bottom jof a north-south gully which is bounded by ridges on both the least and the west. Drainage to Clark Street comes both from Ithe north or uphill area of the “Butte Hill” and from the east Band west ridges sloping downhill to Clark Street at the bottom.
I At the north end of the Clark Street basin is the Anselmo inine of the defendant, The Anaconda Company. A large waste Lump is located at the Anselmo mine. Below the dump there is fi Little League baseball park and bleachers, surrounded by a Jooden fence. Still further downhill is located a two-family sidence at 715 West Quartz, occupied at the time of the cloud-irst by the Richard Anderson and Dennis Roope families, the rmer as owners and the latter as tenants. Members of these
Still further south about four blocks downhill from the Anderson-Roope residence, the dwelling of the plaintiffs in the second suit is located. This dwelling is also a two-family residence occupied by Ivan H. Freed as owner and the Don Collins family as tenants. This residence is located at 715 West Galena which is just off Clark Street to the west.
There are no rivers, creeks, or streams in the area involved in this appeal. All of the flood waters fell from the sky in a sudden cloudburst of unprecedented proportions.
The complaints in both actions were filed about a month after the cloudburst and are essentially identical (except as to> damages which are not germane to this appeal). Each complaint names a single defendant, The Anaconda Company. Plaintiffs seek to recover for damage to their residences and personal property from water that flooded into their dwellings', during the cloudburst. Plaintiffs claim negligence on the part of defendant in “creating an artificial diversion of water on itsl property which resulted in the flooding and damages.” I
Defendant’s answer amounted to a general denial of anyl negligence on its part coupled with the affirmative defense! that the damage was caused by an “Act of God”. I
Pretrial discovery proceedings were carried on by the del fendant consisting of written interrogatories to the plaintiff! and depositions taken from six of the plaintiffs. Followin! the filing of the answers to these interrogatories and the typ« written depositions, defendant moved for summary judgmerM in both actions. It is interesting to note that the presidinH judge was familiar with the area and in ruling on the motioiH for summary judgment took judicial notice “of the gener
Defendant’s motion for summary judgment in each of the two suits was granted following a consolidated hearing. All plaintiffs now appeal from the summary judgments granted.
The controlling issue in this appeal is whether there is any genuine issue of material fact precluding summary judgment for the defendant. The district court held there was no issue of material fact and that defendant was entitled to judgment .as a matter of law. We affirm.
The gist of plaintiffs’ contention is that defendant, The Anaconda Company, interfered with the natural drainage in the area and this, combined with an “Act of God” consisting of the cloudburst, caused plaintiffs’ flooding and damage for which defendant is legally responsible. Upon oral argument plaintiffs contended the following issues of fact exist concerning defendant’s interference with natural drainage: (1) whether Anaconda’s debris plugged the storm sewer drains; (2) whether an Anaconda mine car blocked the flowage of water; (3) whether Anaconda’s Anselmo mine dump was so [constructed as to divert drainage; and (4) whether the Little ¡League ball park, situated on land owned by Anaconda and leased to the city of Butte, was constructed in such a manner ns to approximate a giant “bathtub” impounding the water |nd suddenly releasing it in large quantities when the fence Broke, thereby flooding the plaintiffs.
B Unfortunately for plaintiffs there is not one scrap of evidence to substantiate these claims. On oral argument plain-Iffs’ counsel acknowledged that these claims were speculative Kith no evidentiary basis in the record. The district judge ecifically concluded:
“® * * that the Defendant did not dam up or channel e surface waters here involved but that the same flowed from*32 the heavens as an Act of God and then followed the general downgrade contours of Defendants’ properties which had been, established in the lawful business of mining and off therefrom onto the streets, alleys and private properties of the residential area here involved; and further, having considered the representations of plaintiffs that Defendant had allegedly diverted the natural flow of waters by a small mine timber truck which does not and cannot constitute a true dam or channel for water so as to reroute the same to the lands of plaintiffs; and the Court having concluded that the waters of this sudden cloudburst were the common enemy of all the landowners in. the area and none thereof were liable to his neighbors for the waters which drained and flowed downgrade there * *'
There is simply no evidence to the contrary and accordingly nothing to try before a jury.
Rule 56(c), M.R.Civ.P., governs summary judgment and requires that such judgment be granted if:
“* * * the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is. entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. * * *” I
The burden of establishing the absence of any issuej of material fact is on the party seeking summary judgment.1 Byrne v. Plante, 154 Mont. 6, 459 P.2d 266, and citations here-l in. But where, as here, the record discloses no genuine issuel as to any material fact, the burden is upon the party opposing! the motion to present evidence of a material and substantia! nature raising a genuine issue of fact. Flansberg v. Mont. Power Co., 154 Mont. 53, 460 P.2d 263, and authorities citei therein. I
There is no factual basis in the record here to su]H port plaintiffs’ allegations of negligence on the part of defenB ant. The record simply shows an unpredented cloudburst wrB the resulting waters drained downhill by gravity followhH the topography and contours of the land. An uphill proper
The summary judgments entered by Judge Freebourn in cause No. 56,789 on June 3, 1971 and in cause No. 56,791 on June 4, 1971, are affirmed.