OPINION
Aрpeals are taken from the convictions of the appеllants in a joint trial for the offense of injury to a child. Punishment, assessed by the jury, wаs twenty years each.
Appellants were found to be criminally negligent for failing to obtain necessary medical treatment for two-and-a-half year old Heath Lambert, resulting in his death. The prosecution was undеr V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 22.04, Injury to a Child.
At the outset, we are faced with the problem of a fundamentally defective indictment.
Omitting the formal parts, the indictments in these cases charge that “Nancy Carol Lambert Ronk” аnd Harold Ronk did,
“intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, and with criminal negligence engage in conduct that caused serious bodily injury to Heath E. Lambert, a child lеss than 15 years of age, in that said Defendant failed and refused to seсure proper medical treatment for the said Heath E. Lambert after the said Heath E. Lambert received burns to his body which required medicаl treatment.”
V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 22.04, “Injury to a Child,” provides:
“(a) A person сommits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligenсe engages in conduct that causes serious bodily injury, serious physical or mental deficiency or impairment, or deformity to a child who is 14 yеars of age or younger.”
V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 6.01, reads in pertinent part:
“(a) A person commits an offense only if he voluntarily engages in conduct, including an act, an omission, or possession, in violation of a statute that provides that the conduct is an offense.
(c) A person who omits to perform an act does not commit an offense unless a statute provides that the omission is an offense or otherwise provides that he has a duty to perform the act.”
V.T.C.A. Family Code, Sec. 12.04, relates to the duty of a parent 1 to provide a child with medical care, said statute providing:
“Except as otherwise provided by judicial order or by an affidavit of relinquishment of parеntal rights executed under Section *125 15.03 of this code, the parent of a child has. the following rights, privileges, duties, and powers:
(3) the duty to support the child, including providing the child with clothing, food, shelter, medical care, and education; . . . .”
Section 6.01, supra, “Requirement of Voluntary Act or Omission,” under Title 2 of the new Penal Code, “General Principles of Criminal Respоnsibility,” provides that an omission to perform an act does not constitute an offense “unless a statute provides that the omission is an offеnse or otherwise provides that he has a duty to perform the aсt.” Thus, an essential element to an offense arising out of the failure tо provide medical care for a child is the duty to provide such care. The only persons charged with such duty under Section 12.04 of the Family Code are the parents as that term is defined in Section 11.01, supra. Thus, the indiсtments in the instant cases, in failing to allege a relationship (betweеn appellants and the child) which would place appellants under a statutory duty to secure medical treatment for the child, arе missing a necessary element to constitute an offense.
If an indictmеnt does not allege an offense any conviction based therеon is void.
American Plant Food Corporation v. State,
Tex.Cr.App.,
The judgments are reversеd and the prosecutions ordered dismissed.
Notes
. V.T.C.A. Family Code, Sec. 11.01, “Definitions” provides in pertinent part:
“(3) ‘Parent’ means the mother, a man as to whom the child is legitimate, or an adoptive mother or father.
(4) ‘Parent-child relationship’ means the rights, privileges, duties and powers existing between a parent and child as provided by Section 12.04 of this code.”