25 Me. 192 | Me. | 1845
The opinion of the Court was drawn up by
—This is an action of trespass quare clau-sum. The general issue is pleaded, and a brief statement filed setting up soil and freehold in the defence. As there is no
The plaintiff, to establish his title to the locus in quo, introduced a lease made to him, in December, 1841, by Harrison A. Smith; and a mortgage made of the same, in 1821, by Otis N. & Howard H. Getchell to Jane Smith; and an assignment thereof by Jane Smith to the plaintiff; and by the plaintiff to H. A. Smith, in December, 1841; and also a release of all right and title to the same to H. A. Smith, by Howard H. & Marietta Getchell, to whom the right of redemption, under Otis N. & Howard H. Getchell, was supposed to belong, made on or prior to December 8, 1841. The plaintiff also introduced a deed from himself, purporting to convey in fee simple, with covenants of general warranty, the locus in quo to H. A. Smith, and George C. Getchell, bearing date May 11th, 1840.
The acts relied upon as constituting the trespass were, that, at or about the time stated in the declaration, the defendant, with two others, went to a dwellinghouse, situated on the locus in quo, in which the plaintiff had some time previously been dwelling, and from which he had removed, and finding the doors open, and no one in the house, they removed what furniture there was there, belonging to the plaintiff, in a careful manner, and stored it safely near by, for his use; and after-wards kept possession of the house, and of the locus in quo.
The defendant claims under four levies, in behalf of different creditors, made by virtue of executions against the plaintiff, upon and covering the locus in quo, as the property of the plaintiff; the debts in which executions, accrued before the 11th day of May, 1840, the levies being afterwards, and the attachments having been made, in two of the suits before that day, and in the other two, some short time afterwards; and the attachments and levies in each case having been made before December, 1841. The defendant deduces title under these levies to himself, anterior to November, 1842, by deeds duly recorded.
The plaintiff contends that the levies were void ; that they should have set off the estate, in the language of the statute, “ by metes and bounds.” This, he contends, means by measure and by monuments. And alleges that the westerly line, particularly, of the parcel set off to the Central Bank, is not described; the language in reference to which is, “thence westerly, on said Hamlin’s north line, and on the north line of land occupied by Thomas Greenlow, to a stake at a point from which, running north thirty-two and a half degrees east, will strike the road eight rods and nine links west of the northwest corner of the Methodist meetinghouse lot.” This, it is insisted, is not a running by metes and bounds. But we do not feel the force of the objection. It is to be presumed that the road is a monument well known, and easily ascertained ; and the northwest corner of the Methodist meetinghouse lot is ascertainable. These being known, the point by the road, eight rods and nine links from the northwest corner of the meetinghouse lot, must of course be ascertainable; and the point of compass from thence being given to the land occupied by Greenlow, will give the westerly side line of the lot set off, with as much precision as is ordinarily practicable. The object of the legislature doubtless was, that the description of land set off should be such as would identify it. Certainty to a common intent, as to such particulars, was all that could have been intended. That which can be rendered certain is in law considered as certain. The lots in our townships are often known and designated by numbers. If set off’ on exe
A question is made, also, as to the setting off of two other portions of the locus in quo. The boundaries on three sides
It is next objected to one of the levies, that one of the appraisers was attorney to the creditor therein. How this appeared, the case, as made up and furnished to the Court, does not show. The officer has certified that they were indifferent and discreet men; and having so certified, it must be believed to be true. The remedy, if any there be, for such an erroneous certificate, if damage accrues from it, must be sought against the officer who may be responsible for the correctness of it.
The levies being unexceptionable, we now come to the consideration of other grounds, upon which the plaintiff seems more confidently to rely, to defeat their operation. The first of these is, that he had no such estate in the locus in quo as could be levied upon; that he was but a mortgagee; or in the condition of one; and that the mortgage, under which he
But it appears that the plaintiff had been in the undisturbed occupation of the close described in his writ, for more than seventeen years; that he had erected a large house thereon ; and had disposed of portions of the mortgaged premises, by deeds of general warranty, and in fee ; and finally had made the deed, conveying the residue, as before stated, in fee. By these acts he held himself out to the public, and certainly to his grantee, Smith, as the absolute and unconditional owner of the estate. Of all this, Smith, whose wife was the daughter of the plaintiff, was of course well knowing when he took the assignment of the mortgage fiom the plaintiff; and he was, moreover, informed by Howard H. Getchell, when he took the release of the equity of redemption from him, that he had no claim to the mortgaged premises. These circumstances were surely sufficient to place Smith upon his guard as to the supposition, that the plaintiff stood in the condition of a mere mortgagee, without foreclosure; he himself, in 1840, when he took an absolute and unconditional deed from him, as before stated, having treated him as the absolute owner of the estate. He knew, besides, when he took the assignment, that the whole of the estate conveyed to him and Getchell, whose wife was another daughter of the plaintiff, in 1840, had been levied upon by the plaintiff’s creditors as the absolute property of the plaintiff; for the levies were all then matters of record. The plaintiff was of course conusant of all these facts. What then must be believed to have been the object of the plaintiff in making, and of his lessor in accepting, the assignment of the mortgage ? Can it be reasonable to doubt, that it was with a hope, that it might enable them to avoid the levies ?
We come now to another ground relied upon by the plaintiff in support of his action. The deed he made, in May, 1840, to his sons-in-law Smith and Getchell, having been prior to the attachments made in the suits of the Ncguemkeag Bank and Ticonic Bank, in pursuance of which two of the levies were made, he insists, that those levies were void, as against Smith and Getchell; and so that his lease from Smith, confirmed by Getchell, will enable him to maintain his action. But it is insisted, on the part of the defendant, that the deed to Smith and Getchell was fraudulent and void as against those creditors. It appears that their debts accrued before that deed was made ; that the plaintiff was then greatly embarrassed, and indeed insolvent; it was a conveyance of all his real estate, so far as appears, whereby his creditors might be defrauded; it was to two individuals, neither of whom, so far as appears, wanted the estate for his own occupation ; and both were his sons-in-law ; and he was permitted to continue his occupation after-wards as before. These circumstances are recognized as badges of fraud. Newland on Contracts, 372; Jackson v. Mather, 7 Cowen, 301; Gunn v. Butler, 18 Pick. 248. By the agreement of the parties we are authorized to draw such inferences from the facts proved and legally admissible as a jury might. From this evidence a jury, in the absence of any proof on the part of the plaintiff of the payment of the consideration ex
In Hildreth v. Sands, 2 Johns. Ch. 35, the Chancellor says, “ the defendant has put the deed upon the fact of a fair purchase, for an adequate price; and to that test the inquiry must be confined. A deed brought forward as founded on a valuable consideration cannot be set up as a gift or voluntary conveyance. The party is bound by the consideration alleged. There is no doubt of this rule.” And cites 2 Yesey, 625, and Sch. & Lef. 501. Evidence was introduced, however, by the defendant, tending to show that the deed was made by the plaintiff to secure a maintenance, from the grantees, of himself and wife during their lives. This evidence consisted, as the case shows, of an admission made by him to that effect. If this were the consideration for the deed, even if it were admissible for the plaintiff to prove it, it could not avail him. Jackson v. Carter, 9 Cowen, 73.
Plaintiff nonsuit.