196 S.W.3d 818 | Tex. App. | 2006
Kerry Larnez ROLLERSON, Appellant,
v.
The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Texarkana.
*819 Steven R. Miears, Bonham, and Ben A. Massar, Paris, for appellant.
Gary D. Young, District Atty., Deborah Moore, Assistant District Atty., Paris, for appellee.
Before MORRISS, C.J., ROSS and CARTER, JJ.
*820 OPINION
Opinion by Justice ROSS.
Kerry Larnez Rollerson was convicted in a bench trial for burglary of a habitation.[1] The trial court assessed punishment at twenty years' imprisonment and entered an affirmative deadly weapon finding. Rollerson appeals, challenging the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence sustaining his conviction, as well as the sufficiency of the evidence sustaining the deadly weapon finding. We find the evidence factually insufficient to support the conviction and remand for a new trial.
Background
In the Summer of 2003, three separate houses in Lamar County were burglarized on three consecutive days. Floyd McCoin's home was burglarized July 15. A Belgian-made pistol and its holster were stolen. James Hines' residence was burglarized July 16. A television, a metal box, binoculars, a coin collection, and an assortment of $2.00 bills were stolen. Neil Norrell's home was burglarized on July 17. Several guns and numerous uncirculated coins were stolen.
On July 18, the day after the Norrell burglary, Westside Checking notified law enforcement officers that someone was trying to cash uncirculated coins. Officers were sent to investigate, and when they arrived, Rollerson was found with a small bank bag filled with uncirculated coins. Norrell later identified the coins as being the ones stolen from his home the previous day. The officers also found a briefcase belonging to Norrell in a vehicle in which Rollerson was a passenger. Rollerson was arrested in connection with the burglaries.
The same day, after hearing about his arrest, Rollerson's brother took some guns that were in his mother's house and buried them in the back yard of his father's house. Among the buried weapons was a pistol stolen from Norrell's home.
This appeal concerns only the charge and conviction of burglary of a habitation associated with the Hines burglary. Rollerson was also charged with burglary of a habitation, theft of a firearm, and felon in possession of a firearm in connection with the McCoin burglary. He was also charged with burglary of a habitation, theft of a firearm, and felon in possession of a firearm in connection with the Norrell burglary.
Discussion
Rollerson challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence. We hold the evidence is legally sufficient, but factually insufficient to support the conviction.
In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the relevant evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex.Crim.App.2000).
A person commits the offense of burglary if, without the effective consent of the owner, he or she enters a habitation with intent to commit theft. TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 30.02(a)(1). Burglarious entry can be proven solely through circumstantial evidence. Gilbertson v. State, 563 S.W.2d 606, 608 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1978). It is undisputed that someone broke into Hines' home and stole his property. It was the State's burden to prove that Rollerson was responsible. The following *821 evidence supports the conviction. After Rollerson's arrest, law enforcement officers searched his mother's house. In the back room of the house, they found the television and the binoculars stolen from Hines' home. The State presented testimony that this room belonged to Rollerson. The State also presented testimony that Rollerson had brought some coins to an acquaintance's house and that they proceeded to exchange those coins for cash. Viewing the above evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we hold that a rational fact-finder could have found that all of the elements of burglary had been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
In a factual sufficiency review, we view all the evidence in a neutral light and determine whether the evidence supporting the verdict is too weak to support the finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt or if evidence contrary to the verdict is strong enough that the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard could not have been met. Threadgill v. State, 146 S.W.3d 654, 664 (Tex.Crim.App.2004) (citing Zuniga v. State, 144 S.W.3d 477, 486 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004)).
No one saw Rollerson in Hines' house. No fingerprints were found. The only pieces of evidence recovered from the burglary were the television and binoculars found in Rollerson's mother's house, and it was never conclusively established if or when Rollerson possessed them. The State did not present evidence that showed Rollerson was in his mother's house during the time period surrounding the burglaries. In fact, it was disputed at trial whether the room in which the stolen property was found belonged to Rollerson. Rollerson's brother testified:
Q. Now, did Kerry live at that house or did he kind of just stay there occasionally, kept some property there and lived some other places?
A. He stayed there occasionally. I mean, it was his room but if he couldif he come there, he could stay there anytime he wanted to.
Q. If he stayed the night that's where he slept, is that fair to say?
A. Yeah.
Q. Okay. But he didn't live there full-time?
A. No.
Q. He had other places he lived at?
A. Yeah. There was other people that came and stayed in the house also.
Q. But that's primarily his room as far as the belongings, personal affects [sic] and stuff like that?
A. That room was a guest room.
In a related appeal, we found the evidence sufficient to support Rollerson's convictions associated with the Norrell burglary. See Rollerson v. State, 196 S.W.3d 803, cause number 06-05-00088-CR (Tex. App.Texarkana 2006). The State argues that the "modus operandi" were the same in all three burglaries, suggesting that, if Rollerson is guilty of one of the burglaries, he must be guilty of all three. The State points out that there were (a) three burglaries, (b) during the daytime, (c) in rural areas, (d) when no one was home, (e) items were stolen from each residence, and (f) a single pillowcase was taken off the bed in each residence. The State also points out there was evidence that cotton gloves were worn by the perpetrator in two of the burglaries. These similarities are too generic to support an inference of guilt.
The State contends the evidence that Rollerson was in possession of recently *822 stolen property supports an inference of guilt. In cases where there is independent evidence of a burglary, the unexplained personal possession of recently stolen property may constitute sufficient evidence to support a conviction. See Harris v. State, 656 S.W.2d 481, 483 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983); Dixon v. State, 43 S.W.3d 548, 552 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2001, no pet.). Mere possession of stolen property does not give rise to a presumption of guilt, but, rather, it will support an inference of guilt of the offense in which the property was stolen. Hardesty, 656 S.W.2d at 76. To warrant an inference of guilt based solely on the possession of stolen property, it must be established that the possession was personal, recent, and unexplained. Sutherlin v. State, 682 S.W.2d 546, 549 (Tex.Crim. App.1984); Grant v. State, 566 S.W.2d 954, 956 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1978). The inference of guilt is not conclusive, however, and the sufficiency of the evidence must still be examined according to applicable evidentiary standards of appellate review. Hardesty v. State, 656 S.W.2d 73, 77 (Tex.Crim.App.1983).
Also, the possession must involve a distinct and conscious assertion of right to the property by the defendant. Grant, 566 S.W.2d at 956. If the defendant offers an explanation for his or her possession of the stolen property, the record must demonstrate the account is false or unreasonable. Adams v. State, 552 S.W.2d 812, 815 (Tex.Crim.App.1977). Whether a defendant's explanation for possession of recently stolen property is true or reasonable is a question of fact to be resolved by the trier of fact. Dixon, 43 S.W.3d at 552.
Rollerson was found with coins stolen from the Norrell burglary in his possession. But, Rollerson was not found with any property taken during the Hines burglary. In order to support an inference of guilt for the Hines burglary, it needed to be shown that Rollerson was in possession of property taken from Hines' residence. Rogers v. State, 929 S.W.2d 103, 108 (Tex. App.-Beaumont 1996, no pet.). Merely showing that Rollerson was in possession of some stolen property is not sufficient.
Viewing all of the evidence in a neutral light, we find the evidence is too weak, and the evidence to the contrary too strong, to support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Deadly Weapon Finding
The trial court made an affirmative finding that Rollerson used and exhibited a firearm during the commission of each offense or during the immediate flight therefrom. Rollerson challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support these findings.
To review evidence for legal sufficiency, this Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine if a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Narvaiz v. State, 840 S.W.2d 415, 423 (Tex.Crim.App.1992). When applied to the special issue regarding the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon during the commission of a felony offense, the question facing this Court is whether a rational trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that the mere possession of firearms facilitated the associated felony. Gale v. State, 998 S.W.2d 221, 223-24 (Tex.Crim. App.1999).
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has said, "[U]sed ... a deadly weapon" during the commission of the offense *823 means that the deadly weapon was employed or utilized in order to achieve its purpose. Whereas "exhibited a deadly weapon" means that "the weapon was consciously shown or displayed during the commission of the offense." Patterson v. State, 769 S.W.2d 938, 941 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989). Even simple possession of a firearm may be sufficient to support a deadly weapon finding if such possession facilitates the associated felony. Id.
The State presented evidence that a cylinder of a revolver was found on the floor of Hines' residence and the pin for that cylinder was found in Hines' back yard. This was the only evidence suggesting that whomever entered Hines' home during the burglary carried a firearm. We hold that this evidence is legally insufficient to support the trial court's finding that Rollerson "used" or "exhibited" a deadly weapon during the burglary.
We find the evidence to be factually insufficient to support the conviction. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment and remand for a new trial. The State is not permitted, on retrial, to seek a deadly weapon finding.
NOTES
[1] TEX. PEN.CODE ANN. § 30.02 (Vernon 2003).
