11 Conn. App. 391 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1987
This case involves a product liability action brought by the named plaintiff and his wife for injuries sustained by the named plaintiff while operating a forklift in the course of his employment. The plaintiffs filed suit against two defendants: Clark Equipment Company (Clark), the manufacturer of the forklift; and Tesco Corporation (Tesco), the lessor of the forklift to the plaintiffs employer, C.N. Flagg & Company, Inc. (Flagg). Flagg moved to intervene as a coplaintiff in the action pursuant to General Statutes § 31-293,
The plaintiffs and the defendants argue that Flagg is precluded from intervening in this action by the clear language of General Statutes § 52-572r (c). That statute provides in relevant part that “[njeither an employer nor . . . the insurer of such employer, shall have any lien upon any judgment received in any product liability claim, or any right of subrogation if the claim against the third party is a product liability claim.” (Emphasis added.) “ ‘Product liability claim’ includes all claims or actions brought for personal injury, death or property damage caused by the manufacture, construction, design, formula, preparation, assembly, installation, testing, warnings, instructions, marketing, packaging or labeling of any product. ‘Product liability claim’ shall include, but is not limited to, all actions based on the following theories: Strict liability in tort; negligence; breach of warranty, express
Flagg concedes that if the plaintiffs’ complaint sounds solely in product liability, it would be precluded from intervening since it is an “employer” under General Statutes § 52-572r (c). Flagg claims, however, that the allegations in the third count of the plaintiffs’ complaint,
The plaintiffs, in their brief, have limited the scope of count three of the complaint to apply only to the failure to repair or maintain the forklift prior to its delivery to the named plaintiffs employer. We view this statement by the plaintiffs in their brief as analogous to a judicial admission and therefore binding on the plaintiffs. We see no reason not to accept this limitation, self-imposed by the plaintiffs, on the scope of their own complaint. This reading of paragraph eleven of count three; see footnote 3, supra; is consistent with the rest of the complaint, whereas a contrary reading would be inconsistent therewith. Of course, by offering this limitation the plaintiffs preclude themselves from claiming at the trial of this case any reliance on the failure to repair or maintain the forklift after its leasing by Tesco to Flagg.
Consequently, we are faced with the narrow issue of whether predelivery negligent maintenance and repair of a leased product is within the scope of a product liability claim. A lessor is a “product seller” within the meaning of General Statutes § 52-572m (a). We conclude that an allegation that a lessor negligently fails to repair or maintain its product prior to leasing it, states a “product liability claim.” General Statutes § 52-572m (b).
Our conclusion is sensible in light of the clear mandate of the product liability statute to provide the exclusive remedy in this area. Daily v. New Britain Machine Co., 200 Conn. 562, 571-72, 512 A.2d 893 (1986). The legislature could not have intended to preclude from this exclusive remedy a preleasing failure to maintain and repair which affected the safety of a product.
The cases Flagg has cited in support of its argument are inapplicable. They stand for the proposition that a “repairer” cannot be held liable under a product liability claim. Winans v. Rockwell International Corporation, 705 F.2d 1449 (5th Cir. 1983); Swensen Trucking & Excavating, Inc. v. Truckweld, Equipment Co., 604 P.2d 1113 (Alaska 1980). This may be so where the repairer is not the product seller and, therefore, did not put the product into the stream of commerce; General Statutes § 52-572m (a); but merely repaired the
Flagg’s reliance upon Regal Steel, Inc. v. Farmington Ready Mix, Inc., 36 Conn. Sup. 137, 414 A.2d 816 (1980), is equally misplaced. First, a decision of the Superior Court is not binding on this court. Second, that case held that a complaint did not state a product liability claim because the plaintiff did not allege that the defendant was a product seller within the statutory meaning of that term; General Statutes § 52-572m (a). In this case all parties concede that Tesco, as a lessor, is a product seller under the statute. Flagg relies on a footnote in Regal Steel, Inc. v. Farmington Ready Mix, Inc., supra, 139 n.2, which states that maintenance of a defect is outside the scope of the product liability statute. Although it is not entirely clear, we read this footnote to apply to maintenance performed on a product after it has been delivered to a person.
There is no error.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
General Statutes § 31-293 provides in relevant part: “When any injury for which compensation is payable under the provisions of this chapter has been sustained under circumstances creating in some other person than the employer a legal liability to pay damages in respect thereto . . . such injured employee may proceed at law against such person to recover damages for such injury; and any employer having paid, or having become obligated to pay, compensation under the provisions of this chapter may bring an action against such other person to recover any amount that he has paid or has become obligated to pay as compensation to such injured employee.”
In the trial court, the plaintiffs and the defendants moved to strike the intervening complaint, assuming that Flagg’s motion to intervene had already been granted. The trial court could not, however, find any such order in the court file. It therefore treated the plaintiffs’ and the defendants’ pleading as an objection to the motion to intervene, and thereafter ruled in their favor.
The pertinent allegations of the plaintiffs’ complaint are as follows: “8. At all times mentioned herein and for some time prior to January 19, 1984, the defendant TESCO CORPORATION, was a Connecticut corporation, with its principal office located in Berlin, Connecticut, engaged in leasing forklifts and other related equipment to consumers and businesses.
“9. At some time prior to January 19,1984, the defendant TESCO CORPORATION leased or rented the aforementioned forklift manufactured by the defendant CLARK EQUIPMENT COMPANY to plaintiffs employer for use at the construction site located at the United Illuminating plant in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
“10. The aforementioned forklift was used by the plaintiff and other employees of his employer in the manner intended by the defendant TESCO CORPORATION when said vehicle was leased.
“11. The aforementioned incident was caused by the negligence and carelessness of the defendant TESCO CORPORATION acting through its employees, servants and agents in one or more of the following ways: “a. In that the agents, servants and employees of the defendant TESCO CORPORATION failed to properly maintain and repair said forklift.
“b. In that the agents, servants and employees of the defendant TESCO CORPORATION failed to properly inspect said forklift and fork chain for defects and take necessary actions to correct said defects prior to leasing said vehicle for use.
“c. In that said agents, servants and employees failed to warn users of said forklift and the plaintiff of the defective and dangerous condition of said forklift and lift chain, although they knew or should have known of the defective condition of said forklift and lift chain.
“d. In that said agents, servants and employees failed to properly report damage done previously to said forklift and to take necessary precautions to inspect and repair said forklift and lift chain.” (Emphasis added.)