315 Mass. 279 | Mass. | 1943
The plaintiff and his wife were injured on account of the negligent operation of an automobile by the defendant, and they brought separate actions to recover damages, which were tried together before an auditor. He found in favor of the wife for $1,432, which included $182 for impairment of earning capacity for thirteen weeks at the rate of $14 a week. In the husband’s case the auditor found for the husband in the sum of $1,074. This total included $54 which was all the damages assessed by him upon the third count of the husband’s declaration for consequential damages due to the injury to his wife. This sum of $54 represented the charges made by a physician who attended his wife and also a charge for an x-ray. The auditor refused to include in these consequential damages a bill for $330 from Mrs. Viera for alleged nursing of the plaintiff’s wife.
A plaintiff who has suffered physical injury through the fault of a defendant is entitled to recover for pain and suffering ; for reasonable expenses incurred by him for medical care and nursing in the treatment and cure of his injury; for diminution in his earning power; and for such pain and suffering and such expenses and diminution of earning capacity as are shown to be reasonably probable to continue in the future. The measure of damages is fair compensation for the injury sustained. Sullivan v. Old Colony Street Railway, 197 Mass. 512. Maynard v. Royal Worcester Corset Co. 200 Mass. 1. Cross v. Sharaffa, 281 Mass. 329. Doherty v. Ruiz, 302 Mass. 145. Daniels v. Celeste, 303 Mass. 148. Mitchell v. Walton Lunch Co. 305 Mass. 76.
The amount of compensation that a wrongdoer is required
It is to be noted that the plaintiff’s wife recovered damages for such diminution in earning power as the auditor found was due to the injury. Her ability to work belonged to her; and if her capacity to work was lessened by her injury, then she alone was entitled to recover the value of that part of her capacity to earn of which she was deprived. Her time was her own. She had a right to work and her earnings belonged to her. Whether she was gainfully employed or not at the time of the injury, she was entitled to damages for any impairment in her capacity to work and earn. Matloff v. Chelsea, 308 Mass. 134, 136, and cases cited. She was entitled to have considered in the assessment of her damages her inability, due to the injury, to
We assume, in the absence of anything to the contrary appearing, that the auditor followed the correct principles of law and that in assessing damages for the diminution of her capacity to work and earn, due to the injury, he included damages for such diminution whether she was then engaged in duties within or without her home or in no duties at all. The defendant, having been assessed in the wife’s case for damages on account of the impairment of her capacity to work and earn, would be held for double damages if this element of damages should also be allowed in the husband’s case. Whitcomb v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 215 Mass. 440, 442. Robbins v. Roques, 128 Cal. App. 1. Murphy v. Pittsburgh Railways, 292 Penn. St. 191.
The loss of earning capacity by the wife was not an item of damage for which the husband was entitled to recover. He could not even recover the value of what he was deprived of by her disability to perform household duties. Feneff v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, 203 Mass. 278. Bolger v. Boston Elevated Railway, 205 Mass. 420. Whitcomb v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 215 Mass. 440. Gearing v. Berkson, 223 Mass. 257, 260. See Chelsea Moving & Trucking Co. Inc. v. Ross Towboat Co. 280 Mass. 282; Daniels v. Celeste, 303 Mass. 148; Gaillard v. Boynton, 70 Fed. (2d) 552.
The plaintiff relies upon Copithorne v. Hardy, 173 Mass. 400, and Barrows v. Checker Taxi Co. 290 Mass. 231. The only question relative to damages that was decided in those cases was whether the injured plaintiff was entitled to include in her damages the amount paid to persons who furnished services while she was recovering from her injuries. No question arose as to whether those amounts
In this Commonwealth where the right of a husband to recover against a wrongdoer who has caused a physical injury to his wife for loss of consortium in its comprehensive sense as including loss of her aid, assistance, comfort, society and services has been denied, it logically follows that he could not recover for any expense incurred by him on account of his loss of her services. In some jurisdictions where the common law concept of consortium still remains, at least in so far as the husband’s right to the wife’s services is concerned, the husband may recover for the loss of her services due to her injury and may show the expenses incurred in paying others for the performance of services which, but for her injury, the wife would have performed. Tomme v. Pullman Co. 207 Ala. 511. Useman v. Minneapolis Street Railway, 198 Minn. 79. Hertzberg v. Pittsburgh Taxicab Co. 243 Penn. St. 540. Woodward v. Wilbur, 54 R. I. 60. We do not follow the reasoning adopted elsewhere that, although he was not entitled to her services and could not recover for being deprived of them, he might, nevertheless, recover the money expended by him in securing the rendition of these services by another. See Hansen v. Costello, 125 Conn. 386. Compare Marri v. Stamford Street Railroad, 84 Conn. 9.
The exceptions of the defendant must be sustained, and in accordance with the stipulation of the parties judgment is to be entered for the plaintiff for $1,074.
So ordered.