This is an action in contract for the amount of a certified check, brought by the payee bank against the certifying bank. Both banks had extended credit to the same fraudulent customer, the drawer of the check. We hold that the check was “deposited in an account” and that the “credit given for the item” was not “withdrawn or applied” under the Uniform Commercial Code, G. L. c. 106, § 4-208 (1) (a). The plaintiff therefore had no security interest in the check, did not give value, and was not a holder in due course under § 4-209. Hence the certification was not final in favor of the plaintiff under § 3-418, and the judge properly found for the defendant. We overrule the plaintiffs exceptions.
The action was tried without a jury, and the judgе made voluntary findings of fact, which we summarize. As a result of transactions in 1968 and 1969, Wallace C. Ralston owed the plaintiff $32,000, and two corporations owned or controlled by him owed it $58,100 and $35,000, a total of $125,100. On June 19, 1969, the defendant lent Ralston $47,000, taking stock certificates as collateral, and credited $38,000 of the loan to a new checking account. Later the same day Ralston drew a check on the defendant for $21,000, payable to the plaintiff, and wrote on the baсk, “Deposit to Master Mariner Co. Inc. Wallace C. Ralston.” Master Mariner Co., Inc. (Mariner), was the corporation which owed the plaintiff $58,100. Ralston delivered the check to Spence, an officer of the plaintiff, with instructions to wire $21,000 to two boat companies in Maryland in payment for boats being purchased in the name of Mariner. The check was deposited in the account of Mariner with the plaintiff.
On June 20, 1969, Spence obtained the defendant’s certification of the check, “Payable only as originally *76 drawn and when properly endorsed,” and the defendant charged $21,000 to Ralston’s account. Later the same day both the plaintiff and the defendant were warned by a third bank to look closely at any securities delivered by Ralston, and the plaintiff wired to a Maryland bank and the two Maryland boat companies, “No funds will be wired for account of Master Mariner Company, Inc. today,” confirming the wires by letter. After nеgotiations with Ralston and Spence over the weekend and on Monday, June 23, 1969, the defendant determined that the stock certificates deposited by Ralston were worthless as collateral because they had been reported lost or stolen. The defendant then applied the $17,000 remaining in Ralston’s account against his loan.
On the following day, June 24, an officer of the defendant read to an officer of the plaintiff over the telephone a letter rescinding the certification and demanding return of the check for cancellation. The letter was hand delivered to the plaintiff the same day. On June 25 the check came to the defendant through normal banking channels. It bore the indorsements of the State Street Bank and Trust Company and of the Federal Reserve Bank but not that of the plaintiff. Payment was refused, and the check was returned to the plaintiff with a notification that certification had been rеscinded and payment refused in accordance with the prior notice to the plaintiff.
Both parties acted in good faith at the time of the certification of the check. The only fraud was that of Ralston, who duped both thе plaintiff and the defendant. The plaintiff never wired funds in accordance with Ral-ston’s instructions, gave no consideration for the check, and did not change its position as a result of the cancellation or dishonor.
On the basis of his findings thе judge ruled that the defendant’s refusal to pay the check was justified because the check was not indorsed by the plaintiff when it was presented for payment, that the plaintiff was not a holder in due course, and that the defendant was justified in rescinding its certification. He found for the defendant, and *77 the plaintiff claimed exceptions. The case was transferred here from the Appeals Court under G. L. c. 211 A, § 10 (A).
1. Lack of indorsement. Under the Uniform Commercial Code, G. L. c. 106, the check was payable on demand. § 3-108. On its delivery to the plaintiff as payee, the plaintiff became a holder and might in a proper case be a holder in due course. §§ 1-201 (20), 3-302 (2). The drawee of a check or other draft is not liable on the instrument until hе accepts it. § 3-409 (1). Acceptance is the drawee’s signed engagement to honor the draft as presented. § 3-410 (1). Certification is acceptance. § 3-411 (1). The defendant as drawee had no obligation to certify the cheсk. § 3-411 (2). It could and did condition its acceptance and its engagement to pay the instrument. §§ 3-412, 3-413 (1). Thus the check was payable by the defendant only when “properly endorsed.” As to the purpose of such conditional certification, see Lipten v. Columbia Trust Co. 194 App. Div. (N. Y.) 384, 391-394(1920); Paton’s Digest of Legal Opinions, Certification, Opinions 2A:3,15B:1 (1940).
Presentment for payment is necessary to charge the drawer or indorsers as secondary parties. § 3-501 (1). Such a presentment is a demand for payment made on the payor by or on behalf of the holder. § 3-504 (1). The party to whom presentment is made may without dishonor require reasonable identification of the person making presentment and evidence of his authority to make it if made for anothеr, and ' “a signed receipt on the instrument” for any payment. § 3-505 (1) (b), (d). Return of an instrument for lack of proper indorsement is not dishonor. § 3-507 (3). Presentment is entirely excused when the party to be charged, like Ralston in this case, has no reason to expect or require that the instrument be paid. § 3-511 (2) (b). Presentment is also entirely excused when payment is refused but not for want of proper presentment. § 3-511 (3) (b).
These provisions on presentment are not directly in issue here, but we think they provide an analogical basis for interpreting the requirement that the check be “properly endorsed.” The defendant as acceptor was a primary party to the check, not a secondary party. § 3-102 (1) (d). No
*78
presentmеnt is necessary to charge the primary party, and the bringing of suit is in itself a sufficient demand for payment.
Cassiani
v.
Bellino,
In view, however, of our holding below that the plaintiff was not a holder in due course, the indorsement issue does not affect the outcome.
2.
Holder in due course.
The judge ruled that the plaintiff was not a holder in due course and did not in good faith change its position in reliance on the certification. Since the check was never paid, we are not concerned with the Uniform Commercial Code provision making payment or acceptance final in favor of “a person who has in good faith changed his position in reliance on the payment.” § 3-418. But the same section, with exceptions not now matеrial, provides that “acceptance of any instrument is final in favor of a holder in due course.” Accord:
Fort Dearborn Natl. Bank
v.
Carter, Rice, & Co.
If the plaintiff was not a holder in due course, on the other
*79
hand, it took the check subject to all defences of any party which would be available in an action on a simple contract. § 3-306 (b). As the judge ruled, the defendant’s contract of certificаtion was voidable if the plaintiff, not being a holder in due course, had reason to know of Ralston’s fraud before it gave or promised in good faith something of value or changed its position materially by reason of the certificаtion. See Restatement: Contracts, § 477 (a) (1932), and Supplement (1935). Compare Nash v.
Minnesota Title Ins. & Trust Co.
It thus becomes critical to determine whether the plaintiff was a holder in due course of the check. To be a holder in due course, a holder must take the instrument (a) for vаlue, (b) in good faith, and (c) without notice of any defence against it on the part of any person. § 3-302 (1). After it is shown that a defence exists, the holder has the burden of establishing that he is in all respects a holder in due course. § 3-307 (3). We considеr only the requirement that the holder take “for value.”
3.
Value.
A holder takes an instrument for value to the extent that the agreed consideration has been performed or that he acquires a security interest in or a lien on the instrument otherwise than by legal process. § 3-303 (a). The agreed consideration, if any, was the wiring of funds to Maryland companies, which was never performed.
Korze-nik
v.
Supreme Radio, Inc.
A bank has a security interest in an item, in the case of an item “deposited in an account,” to the extent to which credit given for the item has been “withdrawn or applied.” § 4-208 (1) (a). Since the check in suit was deposited in an account and since the credit given was never withdrawn or
*80
applied, the bank had no security interest under § 4-208, and hence had not given value under § 3-303 or § 4-209 at the time it received notice of the defence. Compare
Waltham Citizens Natl. Bank
v.
Flett,
The plaintiff contends that it had a security interest apart from § 4-208, by virtue of its outstanding loans to Ralston and its common law right of set-off, citing
Bowling Green, Inc.
v.
State St. Bank & Trust Co.
It does not appear that any such theory was presented at trial, and it seems at least doubtful thаt a deposit to the account of a corporation for the special purpose of wiring funds to Maryland could be set off against indebtedness of Ralston.
Compare Boston-Continental Natl. Bank
v.
Hub Fruit Co.
*81
4.
Commercial convenience.
The plaintiff points out that it could have demanded and received cash instead оf certification. To allow rescission of the certification, it argues, is to erode the usefulness of certified checks as the practical equivalent of cash. Without passing on a case which is not before us, we pоint out that the payment of money can also be rescinded for fraud or mistake. § 3-418. See
Atlantic Cotton Mills
v.
Indian Orchard Mills,
Exceptions overruled.