169 Pa. Super. 48 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1951
Opinion by
In this action to recover damages for personal injuries to the minor-plaintiff, the jury found for him in the sum of $2,500 and for his parents in their right in the sum of $2,000. Defendant thereupon moved for judgments n.o.v., its request for directed verdicts having been refused at the trial of the case. The lower court after argument refused defendant’s application, but at the same time ordered a new trial of its own motion. In this appeal from that order the defendant asks us not only to set aside the award of a new trial but to enter judgments in its favor.
The injury occurred on a triangular piece of land, of the defendant in Philadelphia, between its elevated tracks which run into Broad Street and its lower level main line tracks immediately west of the tunnel entrance to the Broad Street Suburban Station. The frontage of the area along Twentieth Street is closed by a board fence over seven feet high. From Twentieth Street the ground slopes in a sharp decline to the west; the surface is rough and ungraded. There is a gate in the board fence, the only means of entrance to the area, which when closed has been secured only by a latch which can be released by anyone. The gate was never locked. In the light of the verdicts we must take it as established that for upwards of two years children occasionally gained access to the area through the gate and used it as a playground. Inside the fence and about thirty feet west of the gate there is a “signal relay house”, a concrete structure, the roof of which at its east end is more than 8 feet above the sloping ground. The concrete roof of the structure is flat and has an area of about 11 by 15 feet. The entire east end of the roof is closed off by a concrete wall 8 feet high above the roof level. There is a substantial iron fence almost 5y2 feet high and 14y2 feet long, anchored into the concrete and closing the north side of the roof to within
On Sunday afternoon February 13, 1949, the minor-plaintiff, then 8 years of age, with three other boys, ranging in age from 7 to 10 years, found the gate in the fence ajar and went into the enclosure. In the course of their play this plaintiff and two of his companions went along a rough ledge to the base of the concrete wall which closed off the east end of the relay house roof. By stepping onto a concrete block projecting from the base of the wall they were able to “swing around” the end of the wall and onto the roof of the structure. The minor-plaintiff, in the midst of a snow ball fight, climbed outside the fan shaped fence, above referred to, thence on to the narrow ledge on the track side of the north iron fence. From that position he fell 20 feet to the ground below. As a result of contact with the high tension wire he suffered burns to his hands, wrists and right forearm, and from the fall, a broken leg. After his fall the boy’s legs extended onto the southernmost of defendant’s tracks. An approaching locomotive however was stopped in time to prevent further injury to him.
The Railroad Company was bound to know that young children might unlatch the door in the" fence on Twentieth Street and trespass on the area, and the defendant also was charged with constructive notice that children actually had used the area, on occasion
If then the minor plaintiff came in contact with the highly dangerous wire while standing on the narrow ledge outside the fence on the relay house roof he is entitled to damages under the rule of the Bartleson case; but otherwise if he fell from the ledge and in the fall came in contact with the wire. The rationale of McHugh et ux. v. Reading Co., 346 Pa. 266, 30 A. 2d 122 is that the danger of falling is commonly realized by a normal child, even of tender age; and a possessor of land is not to be visited with responsibility for accidents due to the trait of children of the more venturesome type who disregard the danger in climbing and slip and fall from an elevated structure. In the McHugh case a child, just under seven years of age, was charged as a matter of law with knowledge of the
Bearing on the question as to what moved the court to award a new trial “in the interest of justice”, this appears in the opinion: “It is principally because the testimony of the minor plaintiff is not clear as to how he happened to come into contact with the high-tension wire that we believe a new trial should be had in this case”. We cannot agree that the testimony supports the court in the specific reason for a new trial above quoted. On the day of the injury it was not snowing but there was snow on the ground. In the course of a snow ball fight Charlie Gill and Danny Gallagher, two of Anthony Roche’s companions, went with him to the roof of the relay house. The minor-plaintiff, and Nowacky, the fourth member of the group, were teamed up against the other two boys in the play. In response to a question put to the minor-plaintiff by his counsel, he testified unequivocally: “Then I went over there, and then my hand slipped and I slipped onto the wire and went down” on to the tracks. One question by his counsel contained this language: “When you gripped this wire, when your hand slipped on this wire, what did you feel?” The boy’s answer did not contain an admission that he “gripped” the wire. There followed these other questions: “Did it hurt you very much when you grabbed it?” and, referring to the scar on the left hand, “That is the mark of the wire you grabbed”, to both of which the minor-plaintiff answered “Yes sir” without comment. (Emphasis added.) It thus appears that plaintiff’s counsel was an offender in attempting to lead the witness.
The cross-examination by defendant’s counsel was conducted well within the bounds of propriety. And nowhere did the minor-plaintiff state that his fall was ■the result of grasping the high-tension wire. On the contrary he again reiterated his previous statement
All of the testimony of the minor-plaintiff is to the effect that he slipped and, in falling, grasped the wire or otherwise came in contact with it. The testimony of two of his boy companions does not throw any light on how the injury occurred. And in our view the repeated statement of the Gallagher boy that Anthony Roche “grabbed a hold of the wire” does not affect the validity of this minor-plaintiff’s testimony nor, in our opinion, justify a new trial. Gallagher then was but 7 years of age and although he was in position to see what occurred, yet the minor-plaintiff knew bet
It must be borne in mind that the burden was on the plaintiffs to prove not only negligence on the part of the defendant but negligence which was .the proximate cause of the injury. Though it had been sufficiently established that defendant was negligent yet it seems clear that plaintiffs did not meet the burden of proving that the negligence chargeable to the defendant was the proximate cause of the injury; in fact all of the testimony of the minor-plaintiff, with some corroboration as above indicated, is to the effect that it was not. In our view, the order of a new trial therefore must be set aside regardless of whether it was entered exclusively for the reasons assigned in the opinion of the court (Cuteri v. West Penn Railways Co., 305 Pa. 347, 157 A. 686) or in the exercise of a general discretion under the well-known and established rule restated in, e. g., March v. Phila. & West Chester Trac. Co., 285 Pa. 413, 132 A. 355. To paraphrase what was
Under the circumstances here present the defendant’s right to judgment in its favor cannot be foreclosed by the grant of a new trial. The Act of April 22, 1905, P. L. 286, as amended, 12 PS §§681, 682f obviously intends that a party whose request for binding instructions has been denied is entitled to have his rule for judgment n.o.v. disposed of as a matter of law, unless a new trial has been validly granted. The defendant therefore cannot be made to acquiesce in the
Order reversed and judgments here entered for the defendant n.o.v.
The following eases are illustrative of the principle: MacNeill v. Makos, 366 Pa. 465, 77 A. 2d 378; Frisch v. Texas Co. et al., 363 Pa. 619, 70 A. 2d 290; Irwin Sav. & Tr., Co. v. Penna. R. R. Co., 349 Pa. 278, 37 A. 2d 432; Zlates et ux. v. Nasim, 340 Pa. 157, 16 A. 2d 381; Jacob v. Philadelphia, 333 Pa. 584, 5 A. 2d 176; Kosson et al. v. West Penn Power Co., 293 Pa. 131, 141 A. 734; Daniels v. Hilman Coal & Coke Co., 279 Pa. 47, 123 A. 653; Quinn v. Philadelphia, 224 Pa. 176, 73 A. 318; Elliott v. Allegheny County L. Co., supra.