551 S.E.2d 82 | Ga. Ct. App. | 2001
Luiza M. Rocha appeals from her conviction of driving without a valid license, OCGA § 40-5-20 (a).
At the bench trial on Rocha’s traffic citation, the following undisputed evidence was presented: Rocha is a Brazilian citizen who speaks Portuguese. Because she does not speak English, a translator
At trial, the State argued that Rocha’s failure to have a driver’s license in her possession at the time of the collision was sufficient to establish a presumption that she was driving without a license in violation of OCGA § 40-5-20. See OCGA § 40-5-29.
Every motor vehicle operator before admission to international traffic shall have such driving license as may be required by the laws of his [country] or such as may be issued by any political subdivision thereof having legal authority to issue driving licenses. ... No operator shall be admitted to international travel who is less than 18 years of age.
Notably, Article III of the Treaty provides that “[t]he operator of a motor vehicle circulating in any [country] which is a party to this Convention is subject to the traffic laws and regulations in force in that [country] or subdivision thereof.”
On appeal, Rocha argues that, under the Treaty, the presentation of the alleged Brazilian license is all that is required to establish that she was driving legally on the streets of Georgia. However, the Treaty specifically subjects an international driver “to the traffic laws and regulations” of the state or country in which they are driving. This provision, therefore, supports a requirement that Rocha comply with OCGA § 40-5-20 (a), which requires drivers to have a “valid driver’s license ... for the type or class of vehicle being driven.” See Schofield v. Hertz Corp., 201 Ga. App. 830, 832 (2) (412 SE2d 853) (1991) (the treaty supersedes Georgia’s statutory provisions only to the extent the provisions conflict with the treaty).
Since the State presented a prima facie case that Rocha did not have a Georgia license and, in fact, had no license in her possession at the time of the collision, Rocha bore the burden of establishing that she did, in fact, have a valid driver’s license at that time. See Jordan v. State, 166 Ga. App. 417, 419 (1) (304 SE2d 522) (1983); Days v. State, 134 Ga. App. 585 (1) (215 SE2d 520) (1975); see also OCGA § 24-7-1 (proof of execution of an original writing must be proved); Anderson v. Cuthbert, 103 Ga. 767, 773 (30 SE 244) (1898) (the burden of proving the authenticity of an original writing falls on the party offering the evidence). Assuming, without deciding, that the Treaty applied herein, in order to demonstrate compliance with the Treaty, Rocha was required to show that the Brazilian driver’s license in evidence fulfilled the requirements of the laws of Brazil, that the driver’s license was issued by a Brazilian governmental agency that is authorized to issue such licenses, and that she was at
Therefore, the trial court was authorized to find that Rocha failed to establish that she possessed a valid driver’s license at the time of the collision. Her conviction for driving without a valid license is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
OCGA § 40-5-20 (a) states as follows:
No person, except those expressly exempted in this chapter, shall drive any motor vehicle upon a highway in this state unless such person has a valid driver’s license under this chapter for the type or class of vehicle being driven. Any person who is a resident of this state for 30 days shall obtain a Georgia driver’s license before operating-a motor vehicle in this state.
OCGA § 40-5-29 states as follows:
(a) Every licensee shall have his driver’s license in his immediate possession at all times when operating a motor vehicle, (b) Every licensee shall display his license upon the demand of a law enforcement officer. A refusal to comply with such demand not only shall constitute a violation of this subsection but shall also give rise to a presumption of a violation of subsection (a) of this Code section and of Code Section 40-5-20.
See OCGA § 24-5-4. “The best evidence rule, or the ‘original document rule,’ provides that in order to prove the terms of a writing, where the terms are material, the original writing must be produced unless it is shown to be unavailable for some reason other than the serious fault of the proponent.” (Punctuation and footnote omitted.) Smith v. State, 247 Ga. App. 516, 517 (1) (544 SE2d 208) (2001).