72 Ala. 401 | Ala. | 1882
The plaintiff, on the. 7th day of February, 1873, rented to Robert T. Ware and Mrs. Asenath A. Ware, for the current year, a plantation and ferry, for the ag- § regate sum of fifteen hundred dollars, payable on the ensuing rst day of December; taking a mortgage on several mules, and the crops to be grown on the plantation during the year, ,to secure the payment of the rent. The tenants entered into possession, and underlet to one Robert Y. Wai-e, jr., who also underlet ho other tenants, and made crops of corn and cotton on the plantation. At different times during the year, to enable Robert Y. Ware, jr., to cultivate the crops, he and Robert Y. Ware, the tenant in chief, obtained advances from the defendants, Lehman, Durr & Co.; giving them mortgages on the ■crops to be grown and cultivated, to secure the payment of such advances. In November, 1878, Robert Y. Ware, jr., delivered to the defendants, to be applied to the. satisfaction of the mortgages, sixteen bales of cotton which had been grown on the plantation; nine bales of which he had raised, and seven bales of which he had received from his tenants for rent and advances. In December, 1873, the plaintiff, claiming a landlord’s lien for rent, sued out an attachment against his lessees,,
The City Court instructed the jury, that if the attachment sued out by the plaintiff was levied upon crops raised upon the plantation, of value sufficient to pay the rent, and he released a part thereof from levy, the value of the part released must be deducted from the rent due him, although it belonged to under-tenants who had paid their rent to their immediate landlord. The court also instructed the jury, that the plaintiff had a lien on the crops, only for the payment of so much of the aggregate rent as was the fair rental value of the plantation, exclusive of the rental value of the ferry. The court refused, on the request of the plaintiff for instructions to the jury, to instruct them that the defendants had no right to complain that he had released to the under-tenants, who had paid their rents to their landlord, such parts of the corn and cotton levied upon as belonged to them. These rulings of the City Court are now assigned as error.
The statute of force'when these transactions occurred gave to the landlord a lien on the crop grown on rented premises, for the rent of the current year. — Rev. Code, §§ 2961-63. The lien extended to the entire crop raised on the premises, whether it was the product of the labor of the original lessee, or of under-tenants leasing from him.—Givens v. Easley, 11 Ala. 385. There was not then, as there is now, a statutory provision requiring the landlord to exhaust the crops of the original lessee, before resorting to and subjecting the crops of the under-lessee. The liability of the crop of the under-tenant to pay the rent of the original lessee was purely and strictly statutory. For, by the common law, between the lessor and the tenant of his lessee
The principle is general and equitable, that if a creditor has a lien on, or interest in two funds, as a security for his debt, and another creditor has a lien on or interest in one of them only for the security of his debt, he who has the security of the two funds shall not unnecessarily so exercise his right of recourse upon them as to disappoint him who has the security of one only. The principle is, of itself, a pure equity, founded on high considerations of justice, and is never applied so as to work injustice. In its operation, it is confined to cases where two or more persons are creditors of the same debtor, and have successive demands upon the same property, the one prior in right having other securities. It has no application as between creditors of different persons. — 1 Story Eq. §§ 633, 641-43. “We have gone this length,” said Lord Eldon, in Ex parte Kendal (17 Vesey, 520), “ if A has a right to go upon two funds, and B upon one, having both the same debtor, and the funds are the property of the same person, A shall take payment from that fund to which he can resort exclusively, so that both may be
The appellees were not creditors of the under-tenants, nor had they any lien upon the crops which were raised by them. The lien of their mortgage extends to and embraces only the crops of the original lessee, and there is no justice in their claim that the crops of the under-tenants should be charged primarily with the payment of the rent due from the original lessee, that they may be paid. The City Court erred in the first instruction given the jury, and in the refusal of the one requested by the appellant.
It is insisted, however, that although there may be error in the giving and refusal of these instructions, it is error without injury, as -it appears that the appellant had not the lien of a landlord, but the right and title of a mortgagee, and the ¡Dresent action is therefore misconceived. The answer is, that the record does not show this point was made in the City Court; and it is clear that it had no influence in inducing the rulings of the court we have pronounced erroneous. Under these circumstances, it would not be just, if this proposition is well founded, now to make it the ground of affirmance.—Cotton v. Thompson, 25 Ala. 671.
The lien given the landlord was by the statute limited to the rent of the premises upon which the crops were raised — it did not extend to the rent of other premises, or to any other debt or demand. If the ferry had been rented separately from the plantation ; or, if in the contract of renting a distinct rent had been fixed upon it, from that fixed upon the plantation, and a single obligation taken for the aggregate rent; if the lien of the landlord was not thereby discharged, it may be the second instruction given by the City Court would assert a correct legal proposition. The contract of renting was, however, entire — for the plantation and ferry, the ferry passing to the lessee as a mere appurtenance to the plantation. It may have enhanced the rent, as improvements upon the plantation would have enhanced it; but there is no principle upon which the rent can
The judgment of the City Court must be reversed, and the cause remanded.