57 Mich. 127 | Mich. | 1885
The plaintiff in certiorari, who is owner of lands in Deerfield, in the county of Lenawee, brings his writ to review certain proceedings, whereby the respondent, Robertson, who is drain commissioner of Blissfield, in Lena-wee county, undertook to lay out a drain in the line of an old county drain, and build it through the four townships of Blissfield, Palmyra, Raisin and Deerfield, in Lenawee county, and charge and assess the cost of construction, being between $8000 and $9000, chiefly on the lands traversed, and partly on the townships themselves, and against a fifth township, Ridgway, not along the line, for benefits to the public at large. . Plaintiff sued out the certiorari upon grounds going to the jurisdiction of the commissioner to act outside of his township, as well as upon other jurisdictional questions. After this case came into this Court application was made by respondents to allow a further return by
The objection to the power of the township commissioner to take such important action as was here had, out of his -own township, is the one that first meets us in considering plaintiff’s grievance, inasmuch as the land in Deerfield is charged with the expense of work where all the important steps are taken and the record kept in another town. Under our Constitution each township is a separate municipality, whose officers are elected by town residents, and who are themselves residents. No person not living in the township has any voice in its affairs. No instance has ever been known in our history where a town or town representative has been allowed to exercise any governmental powers in another town. It has always been understood that in providing, as it does, for the organization and incorporation of townships, the Constitution dealt with them as recognized and ancient municipal bodies, the substantial character of which was intended to be perpetuated. To allow one township or its ■officers to meddle in the management of public interests in -others, or to levy taxes against them or their people, would be subversive of their independent character. Such a power ■ cannot be inferred.
If the Drain Law of 1881 was designed to reach such results, the consequences are very startling. Under that act the commissioner who lays out a drain not only determines whether it shall be laid, but also its line and dimensions and ■plan, and who shall pay for it. He fixes, by his own pleasure, the amount to be charged on any parcel of land. Hefj can determine, without review or appeal, to charge any amount he sees fit on any township, or on any city or village, .and if the present proceeding is valid, it does not seem to
The powers granted, if belonging to respondent, are a direct and immediate interference with the independence of other townships, and an exercise of some of the-most important governmental powers of the State over people and municipalities which have no voice, direct or indirect, in the election or appointment of the functionary exercising them. If such a jurisdiction can be given to a township officer, outside of the township, it is impossible to find any power that cannot be given him in any part of the State. Such a grant to a local officer is too repugnant to our political system to find support anywhere. -It may be possible and' proper to allow the acquisition of property elsewhere under some circumstances. This has sometimes been permitted for reasons connected with the suppression of contagious diseases, and for some other local necessities. But no instance is Known where such outlying property gives its owners any local sovereignty. Two townships cannot govern the same territory.
It was urged on the argument that constables can act outside of their towns, and therefore other officers may be allowed to do so. But this argument is fallacious. We had occasion, in Allor v. Wayne County Auditors 43 Mich. 76,
We have no instance in our local institutions of the laying out of w-'ays or the levying of taxes except by the persons chosen in the community that is burdened, either alone, or as representing them in the county or the State. Taxation by non-representatives is unheard of.
If the Drain Law gives any such power, it cannot to that extent be maintained. But we think that the statutes, when compared together, have no such meaning.
It is a composite law providing for both town and county drains, and for economy of language the county and town commissioners are frequently spoken of in the same section. Where this is the case, it is only rational to infer that each is meant to act in his own sphere. By such a construction the act is readily harmonized. The only section which can be so read with the rest as to favor the power of a town commissioner to act out of his township is TIow. Stat. § 1696, being section 6 of the Drain Law of 1881. By that, as printed, it is declared that petitions may be presented to any drain commissioner by any five or more freeholders “residing in [any one or more] towmships in which such drains [drain], or the lands to be drained thereby, may be [situated].” Except for this, it would require a forced construction to allow commissioners to be applied to from the outside, and even this language is at least ambiguous. But the words in brackets form no part of the law as approved
The proceedings before us were had in 1881. We think the statute ought to be so construed as to harmonize it with constitutional principles and common usage;' and so construed, it will not uphold so much of the action of the drain commissioner of Blissfield as affects the’lands of plaintiff in Deerfield.
The proceedings to that extent must be quashed.
