138 N.W. 984 | N.D. | 1912
This action originated in the district court of Grand Forks county, and was brought for the purpose of’ foreclosing a mechanics’ lien on lots 5, 6, 7, and 8 of block 18, Budge and Eshelman’s 3d addition to the city of Grand Forks. The material, for the purchase price of which the lien is claimed, was sold and delivered by plaintiff to the defendant dSTiles Swenson, for the construction of two dwellings on said lots, one on lots 5 and 6, and the other on lots 7- and 8. Several other parties, including the appellant, Clarke, were joined with Swenson as defendants, but the appellant, Clarke, is the only defendant who made any appearance in the action. He is the assignee of two certain mortgages of $200 each, covering the property in question, executed and delivered by Swenson, and he asserts the superiority of the liens thus held by him over plaintiff’s. mechanics’ lien. He also attacks the validity of plaintiffs alleged lien on several grounds which will be hereafter noticed, and also contends that certain payments have
In his printed brief and argument appellant’s counsel argues his various contentions under ten separate points, and we will consider and decide such points in the order presented.
Under point 1 appellant contends that, even conceding that the sale by plaintiff to Swenson of the material for the two dwellings was made under an entire contract, still under our mechanics’ lien statute plaintiff was not authorized to file a joint lien statement against both buildings and the several lots described. This contention is- based on the phraseology of chapter 158, Laws of 1909, which amended § 6237, Rev. Codes 1905. As thus amended, this section gives a lien to each person who shall perform labor or furnish materials for the erection, alteration, or repair of “any building or other structure.” Prior to such amendment the words corresponding to those quoted were “any buildings or other structures.” By such amendment the following provision was also added: “Provided, no person furnishing material . . . for any of the purposes aforesaid shall be entitled to a lien . . . unless he shall keep an itemized account thereof, separate and apart from all other items of account against the purchaser.” Said statute was also amended in other particulars not material to this con-troA^ersy. It is argued that, because the singular number is substituted for the plural form in referring to the edifice to be built, when taken in connection with the requirement that the materialman must keep an itemized account thereof, separate and apart from, all other items of account against the purchaser, a legislative intent is manifested of limiting a mechanics’ lien to one dwelling or structure only. We are unable to view the matter in this light, and we think it clear that there was no legislative purpose to effect any change in the former statute in this respect; for, if so, the legislature would most certainly have also changed § 6238 from the plural to the singular number in referring to the edifices or structures upon which liens might be claimed. The plural form is still retained in the latter section. It is manifest that the only change contemplated by such amendment was to impose on lien claimants the necessity of keeping a separate itemized account of
Under point 2 appellant’s' counsel asserts as a legal proposition that “where there is a divisible contract, or two contracts for the furnishing of materials in the erection of two dwellings upon two different lots, even though owned by the same party and constructed about the same time, a single or joint lien cannot be filed therefor upon both buildings and lots.” We find it unnecessary, however, to consider this question, for we agree with the trial court that the material was furnished bv plaintiff under but one contract. The finding to such effect by the tria]
The witness Crawford, who was in plaintiff’s employ and had charge •of the sale and delivery of stock from its yards at the time in question, testified as follows:
Q. At the time Mr. Swenson agreed to accept your figures of $331, what is the fact as to whether he ordered the material for the second house at the same price ?
A. He said he would buy the two houses, provided I would add 600 feet of casing and 8 rolls of string felt and we closed the deal on that basis.
Swenson does not directly contradict Crawford on this point, and we think the trial court was amply justified in accepting such testimony as controlling. It is true that there is considerable testimony in the record tending directly, as well as indirectly, to- show the existence of two contracts; but when the entire testimony is weighed' and considered together, much of the testimony which appears to be inconsistent with Crawford’s testimony above quoted is susceptible of explanation, and is explained so as to harmonize therewith. It would serve no useful purpose to review such testimony at length in this opinion. Suffice it to say, as above stated, that we are satisfied with the correctness of the trial court’s findings on this issue, and appellant’s second point need not be further considered.
Under point 3 it is contended that under the statute a mechanics’ lien can only be filed against the building and the particular lot upon which the same is situated, and that, because one of these buildings was erected on lot 5 and the other on lot 7, that a lien filed on the entire property was and is a nullity. We do not think there is any merit to such contention. These four contiguous lots should be treated as a single tract 100x140 feet in size; but in any event, under the'provisions of § 6238, Bev. Codes, it was proper, in view of the fact that
Under point 4, appellant contends that, even though it be conceded that the contract herein is single and entire; and, further, that a lien for a single contract can be spread upon buildings situated upon different lots, — that the alleged lien is a nullity because plaintiff did not comply with chapter 158, Laws of 1909, by keeping a separate itemized account of the materials furnished for such, buildings. It is true the statute is explicit on this point, and any material departure therefrom will deprive a person of the right to file a lien. The record discloses, however, that a separate itemized account was kept by plaintiff in accordance with the statute, with the exception of one item amounting to $10.83 for materials furnished to Swenson to be used elsewhere, which found its way in this account purely through a clerical error; and we do not think a fair construction of the statute requires us to hold such unintentional mistake or clerical error by plaintiff’s clerk or employee, fatal to plaintiff’s right to file a lien. The construction contended for, as applied to the facts in this case, would be grossly unjust and unreasonable. We cannot believe that it was the legislative intent to deprive a person of a lien who, in good faith, has attempted to comply with the statute, but, through an unintentional mistake or clerical error as to an item of minor importance, has failed to literally comply therewith. A liberal rule for the construction of mechanics’ lien statutes has been adopted by this court. Turner v. St. John, 8 N. D. 245, 78 N. W. 340; Salzer Lumber Co. v. Claflin, 16 N. D. 601, 113 N. W. 1036. Our views, as above expressed, find support in the following authorities: Turner v. St. John, supra; Griff v. Clark, 155 Mich. 611, 130 Am. St. Rep. 582, 119 N. W. 1076, 29 L.R.A.(N.S.) 305, and case note; Coughlan v. Longini, 77 Minn. 514, 80 N. W. 695; 27 Cyc. 200; 20 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, 408.
Under his point 5, appellant asserts that the alleged lien is a nullity because the lien statement contains no proper verification; it appearing that Orawford, who made the same, omitted to sign it. Our attention is called to the fact that the only evidence upon the question
Under point 6, appellant contends that the plaintiff did not comply with § 6240, Rev. Codes, which requires the lien claimant to file with the clerk of the district court “a just and true account of the demand due him after allowing all credits,” etc. In support of such contention, our attention is called to the fact that in the lien statement, as well as in the itemized account attached thereto, a claim is made for $100 more than the amount due. Appellant’s contention is without merit. The itemized account shows the total debits to be $940.22 and the total credits $101.70, and, in striking a balance, an error of $100 was made in subtracting the credits from the debits. It is apparent on the face of the exhibit that this was a mere mistake, and such error in the balance naturally found its way into the lien statement. Under the authorities heretofore cited, it is clear that such an error will not nullify the lien. For the same reason the item of $10.83, heretofore mentioned and which was through error included in the account and lien statement, does not affect the validity of plaintiff’s lien. The trial court properly deducted these two items from the amount of plaintiff’s recovery. Appellant also asserts that the itemized account is
Much of what we have said of the alleged payment of $150 is applicable to the alleged payment of the $400 item. Except as to the latter the check was drawn by Hatcher and made payable directly to Swenson, who indorsed the same to plaintiff. The money represented by such check belonged to Swenson, and so far as plaintiff is concerned Swenson had the right to direct its application; and we think it reasonably clear from the testimony that he directed it to be applied not on the account in question, but on another and older account owing by him to the plaintiff ; and we are convinced from the record that the findings of the trial court on this issue are correct. Under the facts there is no room for applying the equitable doctrine governing applications of payments invoked by appellant’s counsel.
Next, it is appellant’s contention that the trial court erred in not suppressing the deposition of the witness Crawford, which was taken at Pontiac, Michigan, on October 14, 1911, the notice to take such deposition having been served on appellant’s counsel on October 10, 1911. We do not think there is any merit' in this- point. No claim is made that, owing to the brief time allowed, appellant was, in fact, prevented from appearing; and, furthermore, we think there was, in fact, sufficient time allowed in which an appearance might have been made by the use of due diligence.
We have considered the other questions raised by appellant’s counsel and find no merit therein; and we are convinced, from the entire record, that the decision of the trial court was in all things correct, and the same is accordingly affirmed.