ROBERTO F., Aрpellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, Jimmy S., Tracie H., L.F., I.A., Appellees.
No. CV-14-0256-PR.
Supreme Court of Arizona.
July 9, 2015.
352 P.3d 909
Heather C. Wellborn, Law Offices of Heather C. Wellborn, P.C., Lake Havasu City, Attorney for Roberto F.
Mark Brnovich, Arizona Attorney General, John R. Lopez IV, Soliсitor General, Amanda Adams, Assistant Attorney General, Mesa, Attorneys for Department of Child Safety.
Michele Holden, Law Office of Michele Holden, P.L.L.C., Kingman, Attorney for Tracie H. and Jimmy S.
Justice TIMMER authоred the opinion of the Court, in which Chief Justice BALES, Vice Chief Justice PELANDER and Justices BERCH and BRUTINEL joined.
Justice TIMMER, opinion of the Court.
¶1 We are asked to decide whether Arizona Rule of Procedure for Juvenile Court 103(F) divests the juvenile court of jurisdiction to enter an adoption order during the pendency of a biological parent‘s appeal from an order terminating his or her parental rights. We hold that it does not.
BACKGROUND
¶2 Roberto F. (“Father“) is the biological father of L.F. and I.A. In November 2011, the juvenile court terminated his parental rights, and he appealed (the “termination case“). While the appeаl was pending, and without providing notice to Father or alerting the court to his pending appeal, the Department of Child Safety (“DCS“) petitioned the juvenile court to order the children‘s аdoption by Jimmy S. and Tracie H. (the “adoption case“). The court granted the
¶3 The court of appeals subsequently vacated the order entered in the termination case. Roberto F. v. Ariz. Dep‘t of Econ. Sec. (”Roberto I“), 232 Ariz. 45, 47 ¶ 1, 301 P.3d 211, 213 (App. 2013), as amended (June 20, 2013). Father then moved the juvenile court to set aside the adoption pursuant to
¶4 Reasoning that Rule 103(F) divests the juvenile court of authority to enter an adoption order pending a biological parent‘s appeal of a termination-of-rights order, the court of appeals vacated the adoption order as void. Roberto F. v. Dep‘t of Child Safety (”Roberto II“), 235 Ariz. 388, 398 ¶ 36, 332 P.3d 614, 624 (App. 2014). The specially concurring judge disagreed with the majority‘s interpretation of Rule 103(F) but concluded that the juvenile court erred by refusing to set aside the adoption order pursuant to Rule 85(A). Id. at 398 ¶ 37, 399 ¶ 41, 332 P.3d at 624-25 (Norris, J., specially concurring).
¶5 In its petition for review, DCS does not challenge the court of appeals’ decision to vacate the adoption order, but argues that the court errоneously reasoned that Rule 103(F) divested the juvenile court of authority to enter the adoption order pending the appeal in the termination case. Father and the adoptivе parents agree that the court of appeals misinterpreted Rule 103(F). We granted review to clarify the juvenile court‘s authority in adoption cases when a biological pаrent‘s appeal of a termination-of-rights order is pending, a matter of statewide importance. We have jurisdiction pursuant to
DISCUSSION
A.
¶6 We interpret court rules to effect the drafters’ intent. State v. Salazar-Mercado, 234 Ariz. 590, 592 ¶ 4, 325 P.3d 996, 998 (2014). If the rule is unambiguous, we apply it as written. Id. When the rule uses ambiguous language, we apply seсondary principles of construction, such as examining the rule‘s context, its relationship to related rules, its background, and the consequences of differing interpretations. Id.
B.
¶7
During the pendеncy of an appeal, the juvenile court may proceed within its legal authority on an issue remaining before it or newly presented to it to the extent (1) the appellate court has specifically authorized or directed the juvenile court to rule on the issue; (2) the juvenile court‘s ruling on the issue would be in furtherance of the appeal; (3) applicable stаtutory law or judicial rule confers continuing jurisdiction on the juvenile court; (4) the juvenile court‘s ruling on the issue would not legally or practically prevent the appellate court from granting the relief requested on appeal; or (5) the issue arises from a motion to dismiss the appeal filed by the appellant and presented to the juvenile court for ruling at a time before the clerk of the superior court forwards the record to the appellate court pursuant to
Rule 105(D) .
¶8 The court of appeals concluded that Rule 103(F) “does not limit its restriсtive effect to only those issues filed in the appealed case.” Roberto II, 235 Ariz. at 392 ¶ 14, 332 P.3d at 618. The court determined that the rule‘s broad references to “juvenile court” and “an issue” mean that Rule 103(F) “divests the еntire juvenile division of the superior court from proceeding on issues presently before that division, or newly presented to it, while an appeal is pending,” unless one of the exceptions in the rule applies. Id. at 392-93 ¶¶ 15-16, 332 P.3d at 618-19. Reasoning that subsection (F)(4), the only potentially applicable exception, did not apply because an adoption order legally and рractically prevented the Roberto I court from restoring Father‘s parental rights, the majority held that Rule 103(F) precluded the juvenile court from entering the adoption
¶9 Although Rule 103(F) does not expliсitly limit its application to issues raised in the case on appeal, we agree with Judge Norris that the rule‘s structure and wording suggest this limitation. See id. at 398 ¶ 38, 332 P.3d at 624 (Norris, J., specially concurring). Rule 103 outlines procеdures to follow in appeals from juvenile court rulings. By their terms, subsections (A) through (E) and (G) apply to the particular case on appeal. Additionally, language in subsection (F) indicates that the subsection‘s restrictions on the juvenile court‘s authority pending an appeal apply only to issues in the case on appeal. Because (F)(1) authorizes the juvenile court to decide an issue when directed to do so by the appellate court, that provision necessarily applies only to the case over which the appellate court has jurisdiction. Other parts of subsection (F) authorize the juvenile court to decide an issue “in furtherance of the appeal” ((F)(2)), as a matter of “continuing jurisdiction” in the case on appeal ((F)(3)), or “aris[ing] from a motion to dismiss the appeal” ((F)(5)). Nothing suggests that subsection (F) applies to or restricts the juvenile court‘s authority to decide issues in separate, albeit rеlated, cases. That all other parts of Rule 103 apply only to the particular case on appeal strongly suggests that Rule 103(F)(4) likewise applies only to that case.
¶10 Referеnce to related rules and statutes supports our interpretation of Rule 103(F).
¶11 Reviеw of Rule 103(F)‘s background reveals that the drafters intended the rule to apply only to the case on appeal. In 1996, this Court promulgated Rule 103(F), then numbered Rule 24(F), to streamline juvenile apрellate procedures. See Petition for Adoption of Amendment to Arizona Rules of Procedure of the Juvenile Court, R-95-0017 (July 7, 1995). In adopting the rule, the Court commented that “[n]ew Rule [103(F)] would answer the need for a specific delineation of the juvenile court‘s continuing authority in a juvenile matter while an order generated in that matter is the subject of an appeal.” Order Amending Arizona Rules of Procedure for the Juvenile Court 24-29, App. at 2-3 (Feb. 28, 1996).
¶12 Finally, we are persuaded that Rule 103(F) applies only to the particular case on appeal after considеring the consequences of a broader interpretation. Arizona has complied with the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997,
¶13 In sum, Rule 103(F) applies only to the case on appeal. Because no order issued in the adoption case was the subject of the appeal in Roberto I, the juvenile court had authority to enter the adoption order. We therefore vacate the court of appeals’ opinion in Roberto II.
CONCLUSION
¶15 For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the court of appeals’ opinion in Roberto II and remand the case to that court to address whether the juvenile court erred by denying Father‘s motion to set aside the adoption order pursuant to Rule 85(A).