90 So. 70 | Ala. Ct. App. | 1921
The insistence of the defendant that the indictment is void, and the conviction and sentence is coram non judice, because of the improper formation of the grand jury, has been decided adversely to the contention of the defendant in the case of Bob Lang v. State (8 Div. 740) ante, p. 88,
The demurrers to the indictment were properly overruled; the objections to the indictment raised by the demurrers were hypercritical.
The most damaging testimony in connecting the defendant with the operating of the still was the fact that he was seen to secure in a pint bottle a small quantity of the whisky which was at that time running from the still, and in offering to explain this act the defendant undertook to prove by witness Adams what he said at that time and place concerning his getting the whisky; but, upon objection by the state, the court would not allow defendant to make this proof. This was clearly a part of the res gestæ and as such was admissible. Much has been written as to what constitutes the res gestæ, and it would seem that the following definition of the term is peculiarly applicable to this case:
"The term `res gestæ' is defined as the transaction, thing done, or subject-matter, as when it is necessary, in the course of a case, to inquire into the nature of a particular act, or the intention of the party who did the act. Proof of what the person said at the time of doing it is admissible in evidence as part of the res gestæ, for the purpose of showing its true character. The general rule is that declarations, to become a part of the res gestæ, must accompany the act which they are supposed to characterize, and so harmonize with them as to constitute one transaction."
The defendant was indicted, tried, and convicted of the offence of distilling, making, or manufacturing prohibited liquors, and the contention of the state was that he, together with others, participated in the operation of a still raided by the officers, the state's testimony being to the effect that he and three other men were in close proximity to the still when it was discovered by them, and, in the language of the state witnesses, "they all seemed to be busy." The defendant, however, stoutly denied that he had any interest in the still, and denied that he in any manner participated in its operation or the making of the whisky, and in this he was corroborated by each of the several witnesses who were present at the still when the raid was made, and who testified in behalf of the defendant upon this trial. He undertook to explain his presence there by showing that his son's wife was very ill, and that on the morning in question he had been to Douglass and beyond, to bring his son and his desperately ill wife to his (defendant's) home. That the sick woman was afficted with heart dropsy, and had frequent sinking spells, and that, following out the instructions of the physician attending her, he undertook to secure a small quantity of whisky at the still for the purpose of bathing the sick woman with the stimulant when she was suffering from these sinking spells. The sick woman died within a few days after the still was raided. The defendant admitted that, upon arriving at his home, with the sick woman and his son, between 11 and 12 o'clock, he secured a pint bottle and went to the still for the purpose indicated, and caught the bottle about half full of whisky while it was running out of the still. The question propounded to witness and to which objection was sustained, was, What did defendant say at that time as to what purpose he wanted the whisky? As before stated, any statement made at the particular time by the defendant, as well as the actions and conduct of the defendant, constituted a part of the res gestæ, and should have been permitted. This testimony was highly important to the defendant to sustain his theory and defense, and he should have had the benefit of it before the jury, for, if believed by the jury, it would have had the tendency to refute the charge that he was engaged in operating the still and making or manufacturing the liquor in question.
It does not matter that under the statement of the defendant himself his actions would constitute a violation of some of the existing prohibition laws; the sole and only question involved in this prosecution was the charge contained in the indictment under which he was being tried, and not some other charge not included in the indictment or *145 comprehended within its terms. In other words, if the insistence of the defendant was true that he had nothing whatever to do with the distilling, making, or manufacturing the whisky, and that his presence at the still was for the sole purpose, as indicated, to get the whisky for the sick woman, it follows, of course, that he should not be convicted of the felony charged in the indictment; and, to the end that the jury be allowed to try the issues fairly and impartially, all legal testimony bearing upon either phase or contention involved should have been allowed to go to the jury for its consideration.
The state was allowed to prove that defendant paid nothing for the small amount of whisky he secured, and it is reasonable to suppose that the purpose of this testimony was to show that he was therefore interested in the still. Certainly the jury would have been warranted in so concluding. To refute this tendency of that testimony the evidence sought, as above indicated, should have been allowed.
There was no error in the ruling of the court in refusing to allow witnesses Thrasher and Adams to testify as to Adams' efforts in trying to employ defendant to work at the still, and his refusal to do so. This was no part of the res gestæ, and was therefore hearsay, and also would have violated the rules of evidence which precludes a defendant from making testimony for himself.
The charges refused to the defendant were either covered by the oral charge of the court or were objectionable as being charges upon the effect of the evidence. They were therefore properly refused.
Defendant made motion for a new trial, but it is nowhere shown what, if any, evidence was offered in support of this motion. It follows, of course, that the court's action in this connection cannot be reviewed. Crawley v. State,
For the error designated, the judgment of the court is reversed, and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.