Robbins-Sanford Mercantile Co. v. Johnson

166 Ark. 330 | Ark. | 1924

Hart, J.,

(after stating the facts). The agreed statement of facts shows that E. E. Stone and H. H. Johnson are tenants in common of the 560 acres of land in section 1, and that they executed a deed of trust on it in favor of the Union Bank & Trust Company to secure an indebtedness which E. E. Stone individually owed it. After the land in section 1 had been sold under the mortgage foreclosure decree, H. H. Johnson was allowed to intervene in the suit, on the ground that he was entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the mortgagee, Union Bank & Trust Company, as to one-half of the proceeds arising from the foreclosure sale of these lands.

It is well settled that, when a principal and surety-each mortgages his own property to secure the debt of the principal, the surety is entitled to have the property of the principal sold first, and the proceeds of the sale applied in satisfaction of the debt. Kempner v. Dooley, 60 Ark. 526.

Counsel for appellant admit the equitable rule of placing .the charge upon the property of the principal debtor in exoneration of the estate of the surety, but deny its application under the facts in this case. They contend that the equities of appellant are superior to those of the intervener, H. H. Johnson, and base their claim in this respect on the fact that appellant had a valid mortgage executed in its favor by E. E. Stone on lands owned by him, prior to the execution of the mortgage by-E. E. Stone and H. IT.' Johnson to secure an indebtedness of Stone to the Union Bank & Trust Company. The mortgage executed by Stone to secure his indebtedness to appellant was upon property owned by him individually, and was not upon the property owned by him as tenant in common with H. H. Johnson, which was mortgaged by them to secure an indebtedness due by Stone to the Union Bank & Trust Co. In short, appellant had no mortgage on the property embraced in the mortgage given by E. E.- Stone and H. H. Johnson to the Union Bank & Trust Company. It is true that he acquired a lien on all the lands of Stone when he obtained a judgment against him in this case; but Ms judgment lien did not entitle him to a preference over prior equities. '

. In the case of Watkins v. Wassell, 15 Ark. 73, it was held that the interest of a judgment creditor, under- his lien, in the real estate of his debtor, is limited to the actual interest of the debtor at the time the lien attaches, and that he holds it free from subsequent alienations or incumbrances, but subject to all prior alienations or incumbrances.

The court quoted with approval from Keirsted v. Avery, 4 Paige Ch. N. Y. p. 9, the following: “Whatever doubts may have once existed on this subject, it is now settled that, a judgment being merely a general lien on the land of the debtor, the lien is subject to every equity that existed against the land in the hands of the judgment debtor at the time of the docketing of the judgment, and a court of chancery will protect the equitable ■rights of third persons against the legal lien, and will limit that lien to the actual interest which the judgment debtor has in the estate.”

In short, it was held that a judgment lien amounts to but a security against subsequent purchasers and incumbrancers, and can only operate upon the interest which the debtor had at the time of its rendition. Under this rule, the equitable lien of H. H. Johnson as a surety of E. E. Stone, being prior in point of time to the judgment lien obtained by appellant, is paramount to the lien of appellant as a judgment creditor, because it thereby acquired only a general lien upon the estate of Stone, which, in chancery, is not permitted to prevail as against the prior equity of Johnson as surety of Stone.

As we have already seen, the fact that appellant had a mortgage on other lands of Stone would not give it a prior equitable lien to that existing in favor of Johnson as, a surety of Stone under the mortgage given by them both to the Union Bank & Trust Company. Therefore we are of the opinion that the chancellor correctly decided this issue in favor of the intervener, H. H. Johnson.

It is next insisted that the court erred in allowing H, H. Johnson to intervene, after the sale of the lands under the foreclosure decree, and assert his prior equitable lien as surety on the proceeds of the sale. We do not think that there was any error in this respect, for two. reasons. In the first place, it may be said that, although IT. H. Johnson was made a party defendant to the foreclosure suit, he filed no answer, and his rights were not adjudicated in the foreclosure decree. On the other hand, the court retained control of the cause for such further orders as might be proper to enforce the rights of the parties to the suit and the rights of such others as might thereafter become parties to the action. The right of Jo 1msoil, as surety, to be subrogated to tbe rights of the creditor against his principal, was separate and distinct from the issues raised in the foreclosure proceedings between the mortgagees and the other lien claimants. Therefore it was not adjudicated by that decree, and the court had the power to retain control of and to continue the cause as to his rights as being a distinct and separate issue. Davis v. Cook, 155 Ark. 613.

In the second place, service was had upon H. H. ■ Johnson by publication of a warning order. Under our Code he had two years within which to appear in court and move to have the action retried. Crawford & Moses’ Digest, §§ 6259-6266. It is true that Johnson did not give the bond required by the statute, but the fund on which he sought to obtain a lien was still in the hands of the court, and no prejudice'could have resulted to appellant from his failure to give the bond required by parties constructively-summoned, who seek a retrial of the action within the time prescribed by statute.

It is conceded by counsel for appellant that the court properly directed the payment of taxes upon the different tracts of land, and correctly decided that W. H. Johnson had a paramount lien on the lands purchased from him in section 1 by Stone and H. H. Johnson for the balance of the purchase price.

The result of our views is that the decree of the chancery court was correct, and must be affirmed.