78 So. 2d 903 | Miss. | 1955
This case is before us on appeal by J. D. Rivers, a minor 15 years of age, plaintiff in the court below, from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Greene County rendered in favor of W. J. Turner, Jr., defendant in the court below, in an action for damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff as a result of an automobile accident which occurred on U. S. Highway No. 45, about two miles south of the Town of Waynesboro.
The record shows that the accident occurred about 10 o’clock at night on September 11, 1953, at a point on the highway about 200 yards south of the drive-in theater where the appellant worked. The appellant was riding a
The plaintiff alleged in his declaration that his injuries were proximately caused by the defendant’s negligence in the operation of his automobile, in that the defendant failed to keep a proper lookout for other persons along the highway, and in that the defendant failed to keep his car under proper control, or to warn the plaintiff of his approach, and in that the defendant was driving his car at an excessive rate of speed. The defendant in his answer denied each of the above mentioned acts of negligence; and the defendant pleaded as an affirmative defense that the plaintiff’s injuries were due to his own failure to keep a proper lookout for automobiles approaching from the rear and to keep his bicycle under proper control; and that the plaintiff carelessly and negligently left a place of safety on the westerly shoulder of the highway and darted into the lane of travel of the defendant’s automobile, thereby creating an emergency which was the proximate cause of the accident.
The appellee, testifying as an adverse witness for the plaintiff, stated that he and John Neal Kittrell had attended a football game at Waynesboro and were returning to their home at Leakesville at the time of the ac
The appellant testified that he worked at night at the drive-in theater; that he had quit work about 10 o ’clock and was riding southwardly on the black top pavement toward his home, at a rate of speed of 8 or 10 miles an hour, when he was struck by the automobile approaching from the rear. The appellant stated that no horn was blown, and that he did not know that the automobile was approaching until he heard the brakes ‘ ‘ squealing. ’ ’ He was rendered unconscious by the blow that he received when the automobile struck his bicycle and he was thrown to the pavement. He was carried to the hospital at Waynesboro and remained there eleven days. His leg was put in a cast, and he was unable to work for several weeks after being discharged from the hospital. The appellant stated that the headlight on the bicycle was burning, and the red reflector on the rear end was in good condition.
R. C. Austin, a state highway patrolman, testified that he arrived at the scenei of the accident almost immediately after the accident occurred. The appellant was lying on the pavement 10 or 15 feet in front of the appellee’s car, the bicycle was off in the ditch. The appellant was partly conscious and appeared to be suffering. He was carried to the Wayne General Hospital
Harry Byrd, Wayne Williams, Billy Joe Williams and John Neal Kittrell, who were riding in the appellee’s car at the time of the accident, testified that the car was traveling at a rate of speed of 45 or 50 miles an hour. Harry Byrd testified that some one in the car hollered “lookout” and “Avhen I looked up this little Negro boy and girl was in front of us, going right out
John Neal Kittrell testified that when he first saw the appellant and his sister on the bicycle, they were on the shoulder of the road, off the pavement, and “they just darted right out in front all at once there.” Kittrell called to the appellee to look out, and the appellee applied his brakes immediately. Kittrell estimated that the Ford car had been slowed down to 20 or 25 miles an hour when the collision actually occurred. There were other Negroes on the side of the road and another bicycle. He saw no headlights on the bicycle, and he did not see the red reflector on the rear end of the bicycle. The headlights on the car were in good condition and the driver could see approximately 500 feet ahead of him.
The appellant argues two points as grounds for reversal of the judgment of the lower court: (1) That the court erred in granting the defendant’s instructions No. 12 and No. 13, which appear on pages 169 and 170 of the record; and (2) that the verdict of the jury is contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
The defendant’s instruction No. 12, which appears on page 169 of the record, is as follows:
“The court instructs the jury for the defendant that the plaintiff had a duty and obligation under the law on the occasion in question to keep his bicycle under control and to keep a proper lookout for others on the highway at the time and to use due care not to place himself in a place of danger and not to create an emergency but to do what a reasonably prudent person would do to avoid an accident, and in this casei if you believe from a preponderance of the testimony that the plaintiff failed in these respects for the protection of himself and others to avoid the accident, then it is your sworn duty to find for the defendant.”
In that instruction the jury was told that if the plaintiff failed to keep his bicycle under control and to keep a proper lookout for others on the highway and to use due care not to place himself in a place of danger and not to create an emergency, he could not recover. The instruction failed to take into account the provisions of our comparative negligence statute, Section 1454, Code of 1942, which provides that the plaintiff’s contributory negligence in a case of this kind shall not bar a recovery, if the proof shows that the defendant was negligent and that the defendant’s negligence constituted a proximate contributing cause of the plaintiff’s injuries.
The instruction was erroneous for the additional reason that it undertook to invoke as a defense to the plaintiff’s action, the sudden emergency rule and yet omitted the requirement that the emergency must not have been caused by the defendant’s own tortious conduct.
In the case of Jones et al. v. Dixie Greyhound Lines, Inc., 211 Miss. 34, 50 So. 2d 902, this Court held that the sudden emergency rule is not available to a party whose own negligence was the proximate cause by which the sudden and perilous situation was brought about, and
“The emergency rule cannot come into operation at all if the emergency was proximately caused by the fault of the driver. A condition precedent to use of this standard is that the driver ‘has used due care to avoid meeting such an emergency * * * .’ 5 Am. Jur., Automobiles, Sec. 171, says: ‘Where the situation of peril arises because of the driver’s own negligence, the emergency rule cannot be invoked in his behalf.’ ”
And later, in the same opinion, the Court said: “Here there was evidence which would sustain a finding of negligence in the creation of the emergency. An instruction on the emergency rule which omits the requirement that the emergency must not have been caused by the driver’s own tortious conduct is misleading and erroneous.”
The rule stated and applied in the Jones case was reiterated and reaffirmed in the later case of Continental Southern Lines v. Klaas, 217 Miss. 795, 65 So. 2d 575.
Section 8176, Code of 1942, as amended by Chapter 328, Laws of 1948, provides that: “(a) No person shall operate a vehicle on the highways of the state at a speed greater than the following:
( Í # * #
“3. Private passenger vehicles, sixty (60) miles per hour.
“(b) The driver or operator of any motor vehicle must decrease speed * * * when special hazard exists with respect to pedestrians or other traffic, or by*682 reason of weather or highway conditions, and speed shall be decreased as may be necessary to avoid colliding with any person, vehicle or other conveyance on or entering the highway in compliance with legal requirements.”
The appellee and his witnesses in the case that we have here testified that the appellee was driving at a rate of speed of 45 to 50 miles an hour when he saw the bicycle in front of him. The highway patrolman testified that the appellee stated to him, “I don’t think I was going over 60.” The skidmarks on the pavement showed that the appellee’s car skidded 88 feet after the appellee applied his brakes; and the patrolman stated that in his judgment, based upon the distance the car skidded after the brakes were applied, the car was going at least 70 miles an hour. The appellee and his witnesses testified that there were several pedestrians walking along the roadside, that another motor vehicle was approaching from the south, and that the appellee could turn neither to the right nor to the left as he approached the point on the highway where the collision occurred. With these facts in the record the jury would have been warranted in finding that the appellee was driving his ear at a greater rate of speed than was reasonable and prudent under the conditions then existing, and that the appellee was negligent in failing to sound his horn and reduce his speed as he was about to pass the group of Negroes walking along the roadside and the bicycle riders. And in view of the facts mentioned the giving of the instruction embodying the emergency rule, without including in it the requirement that the emergency must not have been caused by the appellee’s own negligence, was misleading, clearly erroneous and prejudicial; and the errors in the instruction were not cured by the other instructions. Jones et al. v. Dixie Greyhound Lines, supra.
We think that the court also erred in granting the defendant’s instruction No. 13, which appears on page 170 of the record. In that instruction the court instruct
The judgment of the loAver court must be reversed because of the errors in the above mentioned instructions, and it is not necessary that we consider the other assignment of error relating to the overruling of the appellant’s motion for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.