369 F. Supp. 1169 | D.P.R. | 1974
OPINION AND ORDER
These cases originated in the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
The ground asserted for removal by codefendants is premised on the existence of a federal question arising from the pleadings of the plaintiffs’ complaint for an injunction.
Plaintiffs allege that they are professional singers, that their performance as such is their only source of income and support for themselves and their families; that codefendant Federación is an organization maintaining a closed shop among the professional musicians of Puerto Rico; that since Federación controls all the musicians of Puerto Rico (they must belong to the organization in order to be able to work), it imposes arbitrary rates for the use of musicians in recordings, rates which may not be negotiated inasmuch as free competition does not exist; that plaintiffs have had to leave Puerto Rico in order to make recordings and tracks (musical accompaniment), due to the high cost of recording and marketing that exist, in Puerto Rico, effects of the above-mentioned monopolistic practices; that Federación has strongly opposed the use by plaintiffs in their professional appearances on television and other places of tracks which are their personal property, demanding that they utilize musicians instead of the tracks or that payment be made for so many musicians as have been used in the recording of the tracks thus depriving the plaintiffs of the free use and enjoyment of the free-recorded tapes which are their personal property; that the unlawful, monopolistic and anticonstitutional conduct
It is further alleged that “Federación in order to implement its discriminatory, monopolistic and unconstitutional policy, exerts pressure upon the producers and television stations (codefendants herein) by sending its representatives to each musical show to impede the use of tracks and to see that the musicians employed get exhorbitant rate set by the Federación”; that codefendant producers and television stations have “subscribed to” and reinforced the mentioned practices in that “the television stations through their employees refuse to allow the use of tracks and transmit the same on the air under the pretext that the Federación prohibits their use; and that the producers for their part refuse to allow the plaintiffs and other singers to use the tracks in personal appearances.”
The complaint ends by pointing out that no other legal recourse is open to plaintiffs in order to assure their income and requests the issuance of a preliminary and permanent injunction restraining Federación from exerting pressure on the producers and TV stations so that they will not impede the use of musical tracks by plaintiffs on their programs; and against the producers and TV stations so that they may permit plaintiffs to use their tracks on their programs and not bow to the pressure of the Federación.
Federación sustains its petition for removal on the grounds that a federal question is posed by plaintiffs’ complaint because:
1. It sets forth conduct on the part of the labor organization (Federación) which is “arguably” or “potentially” subject to Sections 7 and 8 of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 157 and 158.
2. It sets forth a violation of the Federal Antitrust Laws, specifically the Sherman and Clayton Acts, in that a conspiracy is present between the labor organization and the producers and TV stations in restraint of commerce.
3. It sets forth a violation of plaintiffs’ rights under the Civil Rights Act (sic), 42 U.S.C. § 1981 et seq.
It is well settled that the removal statutes are to be strictly construed in light of the congressional purpose generally to restrict jurisdiction of the Federal District Courts on removal. Shamrock Oil & Gas Corp. v. Sheets, 313 U.S. 100, 61 S.Ct. 868, 85 L.Ed. 1214 (1941); American Fire & Casualty Co. v. Finn, 341 U.S. 6, 71 S.Ct. 534, 95 L.Ed. 702 (1951); Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 339 U.S. 667, 673, 70 S.Ct. 876, 94 L.Ed. 1194 (1959).
Removal jurisdiction is keyed to the original jurisdiction of the federal district courts. With this in mind, as well as what we have said in the previous paragraph, we turn to plaintiffs’ complaint.
We are persuaded that under the test announced in Gully v. First National Bank, 299 U.S. 109, 112, 57 S.Ct. 96, 97, 81 L.Ed. 70 (1936), that “to bring a case within the statute, a right or im
In their briefs in support of removal, codefendant Federación seems to imply that plaintiffs’ claims are governed exclusively by federal law, and familiar doctrines of preemption and exclusive federal jurisdiction are invoked in an effort to show that plaintiffs have no valid state cause of action. But it has been held in a removal context that in determining whether a claim arises under the Constitution and laws of the United States, it is “irrelevant that plaintiff may, in fact have no valid state cause of action, but at best only a federal one; he is free to select the suit he will bring.” (Emphasis added.) Brough v. United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO, supra, and authorities cited therein. We think that the principles we have mentioned so far are more than sufficient to dispose of codefendant’s assertions as to federal question jurisdiction, so as not to warrant further and specific discussion of the jurisdictional facts which Federación, in its petition for removal and accompanying briefs, insists confers subject matter jurisdiction upon this Court to decide the present action on removal, namely, conduct arguably subject to the National Labor Relations Act;
In view of the foregoing, these cases are remanded to the Commonwealth Superior Court, San Juan and Caguas Parts, where they should have remained in the first place, without imposition of costs and for proceedings there to continue.
It is so ordered.
. Civil 142-73 was filed in the Caguas Part of the Superior Court. Civil 258-73 was filed in the San Juan Part of the Superior Court.
. In Civil 142-73, Federación filed its petition for removal to this court on February 17, 1973 after having answered the complaint against it which had been filed on January 31, 1973. Codefendants Luis Vigoreaux; WKAQ Telemundo, Inc.; WKVM Canal 11; Cordero Enterprises; Alfred D. Herger, and Mirta Silva moved to join codefendant Federación’s petition for removal on February 28, 1973. Codefendant Tommy Muniz Productions, Inc. did not file its motion to join Federación’s petition for removal until April 6, 1973 reguesting until May 3, 1973 to file pleadings (not filed to this date). The Court has not acted on these two motions. In Civil 258-73, «¡defendant Federación filed in this court its petition for removal on March 20, 1973, suit having been filed by plaintiffs in the Superior Court, San Juan Part, on March 13, 1973. On April 6, 1973, codefendant Tommy Muñiz Productions, Inc. filed a motion identical to that in Civil 142-73 to join Federación’s petition for removal. On April 10, 1973, codefendants Luis Vigoreaux, Cordero Enterprises, and Mirta Silva filed a motion identical with the one they filed in Civil 142-73 to join in codefendant Federación’s petition to remove to this court.
. For decisional purposes we treat the pleadings in Civil 142-73 and Civil 258-73 jointly. Both complaints, except for irrelevant details, are substantially similar in their pleadings and prayers for relief.
. No specification is made as to title and section or act in particular.
. Ibidem. No constitutional provision is cited.
. Federación argues through its counsel that “where the conduct alleged by plaintiffs to be unlawful, is ‘arguably’ or ‘potentially’ subject to the National Labor Relations Act, the federal preemption doctrine as enunciated by the Supreme Court in San Diago Building Trades Council v. Carman, 76 S.Ct. [782], 351 U.S. 923, 100 L.Ed. 1453 (sic) [correct name and citation are: San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon, 359 U.S. 236, 79 S.Ct. 773, 3 L.Ed.2d 775 (1959)] removes the present ease from the Commonwealth Courts.” (Emphasis added). This is a classic example of non sequitur. Even assuming in arguendo, that Federación’s initial premise is true in that its conduct here might he potentially subject to the National Labor Relations Act, we still fail to see how the underlying federal preemption doctrine can be used to vest a Federal District Court with removal jurisdiction based on a federal question when exclusive jurisdiction to administer the preempting federal law has been vested by Congress on an administrative tribunal as is the National Labor Relations Board. Such a result flies in the face of the Oarmon case itself where the Supreme Court was careful to point out that
. The Question involved in this case could have been decided some time ago, but the Court, after having met the parties, was optimistic as to a possible settlement and did not want its decision to become an intruder in the settlement negotiations.