927 S.W.2d 899 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1996
Appellant, Guiseppe Riscaldante (hereinafter “plaintiff’), appeals the judgment of the Circuit Court of the City of St. Louis denying his motion for a new trial after a jury apportioned fault between respondent, Joseph Melton (hereinafter “defendant”), and plaintiff in plaintiffs personal injury action. We affirm.
On October 28, 1989 at 2:55 a.m., plaintiff was injured in a two-car collision involving his ear and the vehicle driven by defendant at the intersection of Hampton and Southwest Avenues. Hampton Avenue is a two-way street with three northbound and three southbound lanes. Southwest Avenue is a two-way street with two eastbound and two westbound lanes.
Plaintiff contends he traveled southbound on Hampton Avenue in either the middle lane or far right lane at a speed of thirty to thirty-five miles per hour.
Plaintiff presented the testimony of Michael McDermott, an accident analyst and investigator. Plaintiff hired McDermott to photograph and measure the intersection of the collision. McDermott testified that a vehicle traveling thirty-five miles per hour would travel 256 feet in the time it took defendant’s vehicle, traveling at five miles per hour, to reach the collision point. He also testified that a vehicle traveling fifty
Defendant contends he traveled westbound on Southwest Avenue in the lane nearest the center line. As he approached the intersection, defendant faced a flashing red traffic signal. Defendant testified he stopped his vehicle at the flashing red signal, looked in both directions, and viewed no other vehicles traveling south on Hampton Avenue for one-half block. According to defendant, bushes and an advertisement sign obstructed his view of any southbound traffic more than one-half block away. Defendant testified he then proceeded into the intersection at a speed of five miles per hour.
Before the collision occurred, defendant saw plaintiffs vehicle approaching at a distance equivalent to the width of three lanes of traffic. At that point defendant’s vehicle had reached the center line of Hampton Avenue. In his testimony, defendant estimated plaintiffs speed at fifty miles per hour.
The collision occurred either in the middle or the far right southbound lanes of Hampton Avenue. Plaintiff contends he was almost completely through the intersection when his vehicle was struck by defendant’s vehicle. Defendant contends he had crossed the center line of Hampton Avenue when plaintiff struck the right front quarter panel of his vehicle.
Christopher Dabin, defendant’s passenger, testified defendant was traveling westbound on Southwest Avenue in the lane nearest the center line. He further testified defendant came to a complete stop at the flashing red signal, looked in both directions, and then moved from a stopped position at an estimated speed of five miles per hour. According to his testimony, Dabin noticed plaintiffs vehicle approximately three car lengths away as defendant proceeded into the intersection. Dabin estimated plaintiffs speed at fifty miles per hour.
On February 14,1992, plaintiff filed a petition with the circuit court alleging he sustained personal injuries as a result of defendant’s negligent operation of his vehicle. A three-day jury trial took place. At the close of evidence, defendant filed a motion for a directed verdict. The trial court denied defendant’s motion. At the instruction conference, plaintiff objected to an instruction on failure to keep careful lookout offered by defendant on the ground sufficient evidence did not exist to support its submission.
On June 21, 1995, the jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff. The jury apportioned defendant’s fault at sixty-five percent and plaintiffs fault at thirty-five percent. The jury awarded plaintiff personal injury damages in the amount of $50,000. The trial court entered judgment in favor of plaintiff and against the defendant in the amount of $32,500. Plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial which the trial court denied on August 25,1995. This appeal followed.
In his motion for new trial and here on appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court erred in submitting an instruction on failure to keep a careful lookout. When reviewing whether an instruction was supported, the evidence is considered favorably to defendant with a disregard for plaintiffs evidence unless it tends to support the submission. Rickman v. Sauerwein, 470 S.W.2d 487, 489 (Mo.1971).
Defendant may make a submissible case on plaintiffs failure to keep a careful lookout using circumstantial evidence. Williams v. M.C. Slater, Inc., 590 S.W.2d 357, 359 (Mo.App. E.D.1979). It is sufficient to show that plaintiff reasonably could have seen danger of collision with defendant in time to have taken evasive action. Id. While defendant did not produce evidence that plaintiff had the physical means to stop, slow, or swerve his vehicle, defendant can rely on plaintiffs evidence. Id.
In the present case, plaintiffs own evidence establishes plaintiff could have seen the danger of collision with defendant’s vehicle in enough time to take evasive action. First, plaintiff testified he noticed defendant’s vehicle fifteen to eighteen feet (one car length) from the intersection. Second, McDermott’s photographs, admitted into evidence, showed plaintiffs clear and unobstructed view of the intersection from a distance of two hundred feet. In addition, McDermott testified in order for the collision to have occurred in either the middle or far right southbound lanes of Hampton Avenue, defendant’s car had to cross at least four or five lanes of Hampton prior to the collision, while plaintiffs vehicle had to cross only one lane of Southwest Avenue. Third, McDer-mott testified that, provided plaintiff was keeping a careful lookout, he had clear visibility of the intersection from the east curb to the west curb of Hampton Avenue from two-hundred feet away and should have been able to see defendant’s vehicle proceed westbound more than halfway across Hampton Avenue.
Plaintiffs testimony that he was looking carefully and did not see defendant’s vehicle stopped at the intersection or see him moving into the intersection until “a car length before impact” does not preclude the submission of a lookout instruction.
Based on the foregoing, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
. Plaintiff testified his vehicle may have been on cruise control at the time of collision.
. Defendant’s submitted instruction, modeled on MAI 32.01(2), reads as follows:
In your verdict you must assess a percentage of fault to plaintiff, Guiseppe Riscaldante, if you believe:
First, either plaintiff failed to keep a careful lookout, or plaintiff drove at an excessive speed, and
Second, plaintiff in any one or more of those respects submitted in paragraph First, was thereby negligent, and
Third, such negligence directly caused or directly contributed to cause the damages Mr. Riscaldante claims to have sustained.
. When asked by defendant's counsel on cross-examination whether any obstacle prevented plaintiff from viewing the intersection, plaintiff responded, “At that time, sir, I didn't look. I had a yellow and I was going.”
. In his brief, plaintiff repeatedly asserts submission of the lookout instruction is erroneous because he did not see defendant's vehicle until “a car length before impact.” However, the issue here is not whether plaintiff actually saw defendant’s vehicle in time to have avoided the accident. Rather, the issue here is whether plaintiff could have seen defendant's vehicle in time to have avoided the accident. Cypret, 912 S.W.2d at 632.