Lead Opinion
delivered the opinion of the Court
Appellant pled guilty to possession of
a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Adjudication • was deferred, and Appellant was granted community supervision. After a year and a half, her community supervision was revoked, and she was sentenced to seven years in prison and ordered to pay all of the court costs, including her court appointed attorney fees. Appellant then appealed, arguing that the trial court erred in ordering her to pay the attorney fees because there was no evidence of her ability to pay. The court of appeals held that this claim was forfeited because she did not raise it in an appeal from the original Order of Deferred Adjudication. Riles v. State,
FACTS
Appellant was charged with possession of a controlled substance and appointed counsel after the trial court found her to be indigent. On March 3, 2010, she pled guilty to the offense with no agreed recommendation on punishment. The signed plea papers admonished Appellant that:
The defendant understands that in addition to any sentence imposed by the Court there are mandatory costs of Community Supervision, including but not limited to: Costs of Court, Community Supervision fees (up to $60 per month), restitution to the victim(s), payments for DPS Lab ($140), fees for court appointed attorney, fees related to testing and treatment, payments to Crime Victims Compensation Fund (up to $100), payment to Crime Stoppers ($50), payments to The Bridge Children Advocacy Center, electronic monitoring, and class/instruction related to their specific needs as may be ordered by their probation officer or the Court.
By entering this Plea and Disposition Agreement the defendant affirmative states to the Court that he/she has the financial resources to pay the costs associated with Community Supervision in the specific case and that their personal financial situation is expected to be stable through out the term of Community Supervision. The defendant understands that it is the obligation of the defendant to notify his/her probation officer of any significant change in his/her financial situation that would impact his/ her ability to pay the fees and costs associated with Community Supervision.
Appellant also signed an application for community supervision that stated that if she were granted community supervision, she would “reimburse the county in which the prosecution was instituted for compensation paid to appointed counsel for defending [her] in the case.” Finally, Appellant’s Order of Deferred Adjudication, which she signed that same day, stated that she was ordered to pay a five-hundred-dollar fine and “all court costs including Court Appointed Attorney Fee.” It also stated, “Court Costs: see attached.”
The judge granted Appellant deferred adjudication and placed her on community supervision for eight and one half years. The following day, Appellant’s attorney submitted an “Attorney Fee Voucher” for $1,000, which was approved. This voucher was filed by the district clerk on March 9, 2010. The district clerk’s bill of costs,
No additional filings were made in Appellant’s case until August 25, 2011, when the State moved to proceed with adjudication and revoke her community supervision. One year later, on August 23, 2012, a judgment adjudicating guilt against Appellant was signed which included an order for Appellant to pay all fines, court costs, and restitution “as indicated on the attached Bill of Costs.” The next day, the district clerk issued the • updated bill of costs which cited the $1,000 assessment for “Attorney Fee(s) — Original Plea Agreement.”
COURT OF APPEALS
Appellant filed a notice of appeal from the judgment adjudicating guilt, arguing that the trial court erred in ordering her to pay the attornеy fee without any evidence that she had the ability to pay it. The court of appeals held that she had forfeited this claim by not raising it in an appeal to the order of deferred adjudication. Riles,
In coming to this conclusion, the court of appeals relied on two of our decisions, Wiley v. State,
The court of appeals concluded that these two cases left it no choice but to hold that Appellant forfeited her claim by not making it until her community supervision was revoked. Riles,
Justice Pirtle dissented, asserting that the procedural default consideration present in Wiley and Manuel is not present in this case because Appellant did not know the amount of her attorney fee at the time she was placed on deferred adjudication. Id. at 612. He argued that it was determined only that Appellant would make some monthly payments and that, expecting to be able to meet this obligation, she would not have needed to appeal this determination. Id. at 611. Further, because there was ho evidence to support the imposition of the fees, Justice Pirtle would have reformed the judgment against Appellant to specify that “court costs” did not include attorney fees. Id. at 612.
Subsequently, Appellant filed a petition for discretionary review challenging the original imposition of the attorney fees. We granted Appellant’s petition to determine whether Wiley v. State applies where thе amount and certainty of the attorney fee are unknown at the time that community supervision is imposed.
ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES
Appellant agrees that Wiley v. State requires that challenges to attorney fees that are assessed as a condition of community supervision be brought up on an appeal from the original imposition of the community supervision. However, Appellant argues, this requirement is conditioned on the defendant having knowledge of both the existence and amount of the attorney fee, neither of which the appellant in this case had. Appellant points out that, unlike in Wiley, her bill of costs was not issued until 16 days after she was placed on deferred adjudication. Therefore, at the time her сommunity supervision was imposed, she not only did not know the amount of the fee, she also could not be certain that such a fee would even be assessed.
Appellant also points to Landers v. State,
The State, however, argues that Appellant was required to challenge the attorney fee on a direct appeal from the judgment imposing it and that by not doing so, she waived the issue. The State also asserts that Appellant assented to liability for the fee and represented on her plea papers that she had the resources to pay the fees that were made conditions of her community supervision. The fact she did not know the еxact monetary amount at the time is of no significance.
The State goes on to point out that the cases that Appellant relies on are distinguishable from her own and do not support her position. Landers, for example, did not involve a plea proceeding, there was no discussion of imposing court costs on the appellant at the trial or sentencing, and the appellant was granted a direct appeal.
ANALYSIS
We agree with the State’s position that we can conclude that Appellant had knowledge of the attorney fee and, therefore, could have challenged the sufficiency of the evidence supporting payment of the fee in a direct appeal from the initial order for deferred adjudication. Because Manuel requires that any issue related to the original plea proceeding be taken only in an appeal to the original order of deferred adjudication, we hold that Appellаnt procedurally defaulted this claim by failing to so.
Contrary to the court of appeals’s interpretation, Wiley does, in fact, premise procedural default on an appellant’s knowledge of, and failure to challenge, an issue. The record in this case reflects multiple points where Appellant acknowledged the obligation to pay the attorney fee. In Appellant’s written plea, she signed the section entitled “Court Costs and Fees” which admonished her that there were mandatory costs of community supervision, that could include the fee for her court appointed attorney. Appellant also signed her Application for Community Supervision which stated that she would reimburse the county for the сompensation of appointed counsel. Finally, Appellant’s Order for Deferred Adjudication, which she signed, specifically indicated that she would be required to pay all court costs including the “Court Appointed Attorney Fee.” It also noted on the first page, directly next to where her five-hundred-dollar fine was listed, that for “court costs: see attached.” It does not seem to be disputed that the bill of costs was not attached to the order at that time, and Appellant should have taken pause at this. However, she did not. And with her signatures, Appellant expressly acknowledged having read and understood the stipulations of her deferred adjudication сommunity supervision.
With this direct evidence of Appellant’s acknowledgment of the existence of the attorney fee, we hold that the lack of knowledge of the exact amount of the fee does not make Appellant’s case. The issue brought in her appeal was that there was no evidence of her ability to pay the fee. This is an argument against the assignment of the fee as a whole, not against a portion of it or against a determination that it should be paid as a lump sum versus paid on a payment plan. Because Appellant asserted that there was not sufficient evidence to support the requirement that she pay an attorney fee at all, the dollar amount of the fee would be inconsequential. With the knowledge that she was being directed to pay some attorney fee, she would have known to appeal, regardless of the amount of that fee. Therefore, she did have enough information to have known to challenge the assignment of the fee with a direct appeal to the deferred adjudication order, but failed to do so, and subsequently forfeited her sufficiency claim.
However, even if the specific dollar amount (and not just the existence) of the fee did matter to an appeal, which would require the appellant to wait to see the bill оf costs before appealing, the appellant would not simply be left with no options if it were filed late. If the appellant was somehow unable to appeal in time after receiving the bill of costs, the appellant could file for an extension of time. The only requirements to receive an extension are that the notice of appeal be filed within fifteen days of the expiration of the deadline for filing notice and that the party explain the facts that show the need for the extension. Tex.R.App. P. 26.3. If a bill
Here, however, Appellant filed no appeal until her community supervision was revoked two years later. We made clear in Manuel and Wiley that those issues that an appellant can raise in a direct appeal from the initial judgment must be raised, and that failing to do so results in procedural default. Manuel,
Our decision today applies only to the $1,000 attorney fee оriginally imposed when Appellant was placed on deferred adjudication. We make no decision regarding the $3,185 in attorney fees assigned for Appellant’s revocation hearing because that amount is not encompassed within the ground upon which we granted review, which addresses only the attorney fee for representation “at the time community supervision is imposed.”
CONCLUSION
Because of Appellant’s knowledge of the issue of the attorney fee and her failure to appeal it from the original imposition of her deferred adjudication, she procedurally defaulted the issue and cannot now revive it. Therefore, although the court оf appeals misinterpreted Wiley, it correctly concluded that Appellant’s claim was forfeited and its judgment is affirmed.
Concurrence Opinion
filed a concurring opinion in which Hervey, J., joined.
This case would be like our recent decision in Mercer v. State if the trial attorney’s fee had not been listed in the bill of costs.
But the bill of costs listed the attorney’s fee, and the judgment explicitly incorporated the bill of costs with its notation “see attached.” Although the bill of costs was not available at trial, appellant knew at trial (because of that notation) that the bill of costs was forthcoming and would be incorporated into the judgment. Especially given the absence of any discussion in the plea papers or plea hearing specifically limiting the attorney’s fee to conditions of probation, appellant’s attorney should have realized that the fee might appear in the not-yet-issued bill of costs, and if it did, it would become an independent obligation under the judgment. Moreover, the fee did appear in the bill of costs in time for appellant to file a notice of appeal.
I join the Court’s opinion.
Notes
. No. PD-1711-13,
. The plea papers include the attorney’s fee in a section entitled:
. COURT COSTS AND FEES
For Person on Community Supervision The body of this section states that the defendant understands that "there are mandatory costs of Community Supervision including ... fees for court appointed attorney.” The body of this section further provides that "the defendant affirmatively states to the Court that he/she has the financial resources to pay the costs associated with Community Supervision in their specific case and that their personal financial situation is expected to be stable through out [sic] the term of Community Supervision.”
. See Wiley v. State,
. Appellant waived appeal, but she could have attacked the waiver as involuntary with respect to a complaint about the bill of costs, which was issued after her waiver. See Ex parte Delaney,
.
Concurrence Opinion
filed a concurring opinion.
I join the majority opinion in its decision to affirm the judgment of the court of appeals upholding the trial court’s imposition of attorney’s fees against Tawona Sharmin Riles, appellant. See Riles v. State,
First, with respect to the majority opinion’s conclusion that appellant forfeited her complaint as to the $1,000 amount by failing to raise that complaint in an appeal from the trial court’s order placing her on community supervision, I note that, although the trial court failed to make appellant aware of the precise amount of court costs that it would order her to pay as a condition of her community supervision, it is reasonable to infer from this record that appellant was aware of the approximate amount of the costs. It is reasonable to expect that, when appellant signed the written acknowledgments that she was able to pay attorney’s fees, in explaining those documents to appellant, trial counsel, who necessarily would have known the approximate amount of the fees incurred by him in representing appellant during the plea proceeding, would have conveyed that information to appellant in advising her with respect to her affirmative representation to the trial court that she had the ability to pay the specified costs. The record thus supports the inference that appеllant’s counsel would have told appel
Although I agree with this Court’s majority opinion’s analysis with respect to procedural default as to the court costs for $1,000 in attorney’s fees, I additionally observe that, even if her appeal were not procedurally forfeited, appellant would lose on the merits of her complaint in light of the record that shows sufficient evidence that the trial court did consider her ability to pay. A complaint raised pursuant to Article 26.05(g) is a sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenge'. Mayer v. State,
Second, although I agree with the majority opinion’s decision not to address the $3,185 amount that appellant was ordered to pay for her representation during the revocation proceedings, I observe that, because she did not receive a Bill of Costs listing that amount until after her appellate brief was filed, the posture of this case is identical to the situation in In re Daniel,
With these comments, I join the majority opinion in affirming the judgment of the court of appeals.
Dissenting Opinion
filed a dissenting opinion.
Article 42.12, sec. 11(b) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states, “A judge may not order a defendant to make any payments as a term or condition of community supervision, except for fines, court costs, restitution to the victim, and other conditions related personally to the rehabilitation of the defendant or otherwise expressly authorized by law. The court shall consider the ability of the defendant to make payments in ordering the defendant to make payments under this article.”
Appellant clearly had appointed counsel, and was, therefore, indigent. Our case law provides that, once declared indigent, a defendant remains so until a change in financial circumstances is shown. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 26.04(p); Wiley v. State,
I also agree with Justice Pirtle that the majority of the court of appeals reads Wiley v. State,
Order of deferred adjudication signed on March 3, 2010, purports to have an attached bill of costs.
Attorney fee voucher signed March 4, 2010.
Bill of costs was issued on March 19, 2010, two weeks after the order was signed.
Motion to revoke filed on August 25, 2011.
Appellant adjudicated on August 22, 2012.
Judgment is signed on August 23, 2012, order purports to have a bill of costs attached.
Bill of costs issued on August 24, 2012.
Justice Pirtle then presented his reasons for concluding that appellant did not forfeit her claim.
In Wiley the Court of Criminal Appeals clarified a split between the intermediate courts of appeal concerning whether an appellant can raise a sufficiency of the evidence claim concerning the reimbursement of court-appointed attorney’s fees imposed during an origi*342 nal plea proceeding resulting in straight probation in a later appeal from the revocation of that community supervision. There, the Court held that a defendant is proeedurally defaulted under Manuel v. State,994 S.W.2d 658 , 661-62 (Tex.Crim.App.1999), from asserting error that “could readily have been raised ... in a direct appeal from the initial judgment imposing community supervision.” Wiley,410 S.W.3d at 320 (emphasis added). In reaching its conclusion, the Court of Criminal Appeals emphasized that the “record in this case shows the appellant was well aware of the existence and amount of attorney fees that were imposed for his court appointed representation during the [original] plea proceedings.” Id. In Wiley the judgment itself contained a handwritten notation on the face of the document stating the exact dollar amount of attorney’s fees being ordered. The opinion of the Court also emphasized the fact that the Bill of Costs was dated the same day as the original judgment and was attached to that judgment, giving rise to the presumption that the appellant was fully aware of the full extent of the court’s order when he signed the judgment. Id.
While the majority here reachеs the conclusion that the pertinent facts of this case were substantially akin to those in Wiley, that simply is not the case. Wiley involved the revocation of an order of “straight probation,” where, in the original proceeding, a judgment was entered in addition to an order stating the terms and conditions of community supervision; whereas this case involves the revocation of an order deferring an adjudication of guilt where no judgment “independently imposed an obligation to repay attorney fees — ‘as court costs.’ ” Id. at 320. Wiley involved a judgment, signed by the défen-dant, expressly stating the exact dollar amount of attorney’s fees subsequently being contested; whereas here, the Order of Deferred Adjudication references an attachment (not even in existence, much less actually attached when executed) concerning an undetermined amount of attorney’s fees (to be subsequently awarded), which were to be paid in accordance with a payment arrangement (to be subsequently made) with a representative of the county “Collections Department.”
The majority also posits that Manuel brings this case into the context of a procedural default because, like here, the revocation of an order of deferred adjudication was involved in that case. In Manuel the Court of Criminal Appeals held that an appellant was procedurally barred from contesting the sufficiency of the evidence relating to the issuе of guilt in any proceeding other than “appeals taken when community supervision is originally imposed....” Manuel,994 S.W.2d at 661 . Because Manuel could have questioned the sufficiency of the evidence substantiating his guilt immediately after being placed on community supervision, he was procedurally barred from raising that issue when his deferred adjudication was revoked.' Id. But Manuel is factually distinguishable from this case. In Manuel the appellant sought to contest a finding essential to the original order of deferred adjudication — a finding of guilt. Whereas here, the Appellant is contesting a factual determination — the ability to repay $1,000 in court-appointed attorney’s fees — that was not even made at the time she was placеd' on deferred adjudication. At best, all the trial court determined in this case was that the Appellant had the ability to make some monthly payment (as yet undetermined)*343 that would be made in accordance with a payment agreement that would be negotiated in the future with the county collections department. [FN4 Contrary to the majority, I believe Manuel limits the extent of forfeiture only to those issues which an appellant had notice of at the time of the original plea. Here, the Appellant did not have notice of the full extent of attorney’s fees ordered because the amount of those fees was, as yet, undetermined. Furthermore, having the ability to mаke a monthly payment is not the same thing as having the ability to pay the lump sum amount, a finding essential to the imposition of attorney’s fees under article 26.05 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. Therefore, it cannot be said that Appellant had notice of that essential finding.]
Accordingly, the procedural default considerations in Manuel and Wiley simply are not present in this case and it is neither reasonable nor practical to assume that a defendant being placed on deferred adjudication would contest by means of an appeal a condition of community supervision he or she reasonably expected to meet. [FN5 Here, the Order of Deferred Adjudication did not contemplate the payment of court costs and attorney’s fees- in a lump sum amount. The condition of supervision only required the Appellant to make monthly payments in accordance with a payment arrangement to be made after taking into consideration the Appellant’s future income earning ability.] There being no independent judgment to contest, the facts here are clearly distinguishable from Wiley where a judgment imposed a clear and specific present obligation to pay a specific amount of attorney’s fees. Furthermore, there being no essential factual -determination made at the time of the.original plea concerning the Appellant’s ability to pay the lump sum attorney’s fees ordered, this case is distinguishable from Manuel.
Riles v. State,
I dissent.