128 S.W.2d 632 | Mo. | 1939
The main question in this case is whether the jurisdiction which Division No. 3 of the Circuit Court of Jackson County is asserting over the administration of the trust estate of Chauncey Wales Riggs, deceased, had been properly invoked so as to exclude Division No. 4, another division of said court, having concurrent jurisdiction, from later assuming jurisdiction over a controversy about the administration of said estate.
Chauncey Wales Riggs, the testator, in his will described himself as a resident of the State of Arkansas, and appointed as his sole executor and trustee the Mercantile Trust Company of Little Rock. He provided that in the event of the dissolution of such trust company, or should it fail to act, then the Supreme Court of Arkansas should appoint as its successor a trust company of Memphis, Tennessee, or, if a reliable one there would not act, then one of Arkansas. Later, by a codicil, the testator, still describing himself as a resident of Arkansas, but at that time being in Kansas City, appointed Lionel Moise of Kansas City as co-executor and co-trustee with the Mercantile Trust Company. The will and codicils created an active trust for the benefit of the testator's children, some of whom were minors. The testator died November 19, 1917. The will and codicils were probated both in Cross County, Arkansas, in January, 1918, and in Jackson County, Missouri, in February, 1918. The Mercantile Trust Company was appointed executor in Arkansas and Lionel Moise in Missouri. Each executor qualified to serve. When the administration in Jackson County was about to be closed, Lionel Moise filed in the Circuit Court in Jackson County to the January, 1919 Term, an ex parte petition, which was given Circuit Court No. 132,950 and assigned to Division No. 3. In the petition the appointments of the executors in *181 Arkansas and Missouri were set out. It was stated that the administration in Arkansas was closed and the executor there discharged because there was no personal property of any value belonging to the estate in Arkansas, and that all the property was in the possession of Lionel Moise, executor in Missouri. The petition asked the court to appoint Lionel Moise, the petitioner, trustee, as he was named trustee in the will, so that he could take charge of the trust property upon the final settlement and distribution of the estate by the Probate Court of Jackson County, Missouri. A copy of the will was attached to the petition.
The court (Division No. 3) entered its decree in which it stated that as the will appointed Lionel Moise as trustee, therefore it (the court) did appoint Moise as trustee. Moise filed an inventory of the trust estate in Division No. 3, and thereafter filed semi-annual reports. In April, 1929, Moise submitted his resignation as trustee, and in November, 1929, Division No. 3 entered an order accepting his resignation and appointing his wife, Daisy C. Moise, as trustee. In 1933 Lionel Moise died and Daisy C. Moise became and still is the executrix of his estate. Now the beneficiaries enter the picture. In February, 1936, Timberline Wales Riggs of Duluth, Minnesota, a son of Chauncey Wales Riggs and a beneficiary under his father's will, together with all the other beneficiaries under the will, claiming to be entitled to the trust estate, filed a suit in the Circuit Court of Jackson County against Daisy C. Moise, individually, and as executrix of the estate of Lionel Moise. This suit was assigned to Division No. 4 for hearing. In the petition in said suit, plaintiffs alleged that the trusteeship was vacant because of the death of Lionel Moise, the trustee named in the will; that all the proceedings in Division No. 3 having to do with the estate were wholly void and of no effect, including the appointment of Lionel Moise as trustee, the assumption of jurisdiction over the administration of the trust estate, the acceptance of Lionel Moise's resignation, and the appointment of Daisy C. Moise as his successor; and that Daisy C. Moise has been acting as trustee de son tort. They asked that the court appoint a trustee to succeed Lionel Moise, deceased, and that Daisy C. Moise be ordered to turn over all the trust property to such new trustee. Daisy C. Moise, the defendant, filed an answer admitting the allegations of the petition and consenting to the entry of a judgment as prayed. Thereupon, on February 21, 1936, a decree was entered by Division No. 4 which found that a vacancy existed in the trusteeship; appointed Wales Riggs, III, as trustee; authorized him to institute any necessary proceedings; and ordered the trust estate turned over to him. A year later, in February, 1937, defendant Daisy C. Moise filed a motion in Division No. 4 to set aside the decree and to dismiss the cause for want of jurisdiction over the subject matter on the ground that Division No. 3 *182 had been and was then exercising full and complete jurisdiction over the trust estate, the trustee and the administration thereof; that the defendant Daisy C. Moise had never been removed as trustee by said Division No. 3 and that said Division No. 3 has the sole right to make the appointment of any successor trustee. The court (Division No. 4) sustained the motion and entered a decree finding that Division No. 3 had sole and exclusive jurisdiction over said trust estate and that therefore it (Division No. 4) at no time had jurisdiction over the subject matter and that all of its orders were void. It vacated and set aside its orders, and dismissed the cause for want of jurisdiction. Plaintiffs have appealed to this court.
[1] The question of jurisdiction may be raised at any time even by motion after judgment. [State ex rel. Kelly v. Trimble,
[2] One who creates a trust has the freedom of choice and complete power to name his trustee so long as such trustee possesses the proper legal qualifications. [Adams v. Highland Cemetery Co. (Mo.), 192 S.W. 944.] No procedure in any court for the confirmation of the appointment of a trustee so named is compelled in Missouri, as it is in some states, as a condition precedent to a trustee entering upon the performance of his duties.
[3] Appellants contend that Division No. 3 never had jurisdiction over the trust estate, and that its appointment of Lionel Moise, who was already named by the will as trustee, was a nullity and all subsequent acts of the court, therefore, void. Respondents claim that the effect of the petition and decree appointing Lionel Moise as trustee was merely to invest him with the powers of a sole trustee. Referring to the petition filed by Moise for his appointment as trustee, we find the only mention made of the co-trustee named in the will, the trust company, was that it was discharged as executor by the probate court for the reason that there was no property in the State of Arkansas. The petition shows that all the property was still in the hands of the executor in the process of administration in Missouri, so that the period of trusteeship had not yet commenced. There is not a word to the effect that the trust company had renounced, disclaimed or refused its appointment as trustee, or intended to do so. Nor does the petition ask that the petitioner be appointedsole trustee. It asks the court "to appoint him trustee as provided by the said will." Nor does the decree attempt to appoint him sole trustee. It merely states that upon a reading of the will it finds that the petitioner was named in the will as trustee and, therefore, "he is hereby appointed trustee for the estate." Even if such was the purpose of the action it was unnecessary as had the trust company refused to act or resigned as co-trustee and had no successor to it been appointed, Moise would *183
have become sole trustee as a matter of law without the necssity of a decree. [McCallister v. Ross,
[4] It is urged that the voluntary action of Moise in appealing to a court of chancery was proper in view of the fact that the will provided for joint action by the trustees and for especial duties by the trustees in the care of the minor children. From the will and codicils we find no special confidences imposed nor any particular personal discretionary duties prescribed because of the particular identity of the trustees. The duties decreed are merely incidental to the office. The provision in the will for a successor to the trust company also leads to such a conclusion.
Respondents urge that because of the inherent power of a court of equity to exercise jurisdiction over trust estates, to supervise their administration, and to make all orders necessary for their preservation and conservation the jurisdiction of the court was properly invoked in that proceeding. There is no question, of course, as to such inherent jurisdiction of a court of equity, but it has been ruled in this State that although the court has such abstract jurisdiction inherently, it can acquire jurisdiction in the concrete in a particular instance only when it is presented to the court as prescribed by law. We quote again with approval the general rule, subject to such exception as may be provided by statute: "`The judicial power can be set in motion in civil matters only by some person — using the word in its broadest sense — in a case against another person. The courts cannot, ex mero motu, set themselves in motion, nor have they power to decide questions except such as are presented by the parties in their pleadings. The parties, by their attorneys, make the record, and what is decided within the issue is resadjudicata; anything beyond is coram non judice and void.' [Andrews' Stephens' Pleading (2 Ed.), p. 34.]" [State ex rel. McManus v. Muench,
[5] The effect of the proceeding in Division No. 3 was to have the court appoint Moise to an office which had already been given fully and completely by the will. He had accepted the executorship and had the property. Nothing in his conduct indicated an intention to decline the appointment as trustee and the record discloses nothing had intervened to require in any way a confirmation of his appointment. There was no vacancy. Under such circumstances the application to Division No. 3 did not invoke its jurisdiction, and the appointment by it was a nullity. We have so held in Williams v. Hund,
[6] The appointment by Division No. 3 of Daisy C. Moise as successor trustee after the attempted resignation of Lionel Moise, the trustee named in the will, was void for an additional reason. The appointment of a successor trustee is in effect a holding that a vacancy existed in the office of trustee. [In re Strasser,
In view of the conclusions we have reached it becomes unnecessary to discuss other arguments advanced by the parties.
For the reasons we have stated, Division No. 3 had no jurisdiction whatever of the trust estate. The trustee named in the will had died, the attempted appointment of his successor was void and a vacancy existed. Therefore, the action of Division No. 4 setting *186 aside its decree of February 21, 1936, and dismissing the cause, should be reversed and the cause should be remanded with directions to the court to reinstate the cause and to reenter said decree dated February 21, 1936, as of said date. It is so ordered. All concur, except Clark, J., not sitting.