421 Pa. 269 | Pa. | 1966
Lead Opinion
Opinion by
This is a death action based upon alleged malpractice by the defendants in the treatment of plaintiffs’ decedent. At trial, the jury found in favor of the defendants. From the judgment entered on the verdict, the plaintiffs appeal.
An examination of the trial record indicates a new trial is necessary.
The plaintiffs contended that one of the defendants, a practicing physician, was negligent in not properly examining and timely diagnosing the decedent’s illness while he was under his care, and that due to this carelessness the condition was aggravated and resulted in death. That the evidence was sufficient to warrant submission of the question of liability to the jury is not questioned.
In its charge, the trial court, at the request of defendant’s counsel, instructed the jury that “there is a presumption against the negligence of a physician in treating a patient . . . there is presumption that he is doing what he should do. Nevertheless, if you determine from the evidence that there was negligence, of course, then the presumption is overcome.” This was misleading, prejudicial and added unnecessary confusion to the case.
The ordinary rules of negligence apply to malpractice cases, including the rule concerning the burden of proof. See, 1, 2 Laub, Penna. Trial Guide §§163.3(14), 438.2-11 (1957). The plaintiff, to recover in such a case, has the burden of proving that the alleged wrongdoer did not exercise the care and judgment of a rea
The law of presumptions is extremely difficult to understand, even for those trained in the law. See, Plowman, Presumptions and Inferences, 24 IT. Pitt. L. Rev. 469 (1962); and Levin, Pennsylvania and the Uniform Rules of Evidence, 103 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (1954). Reference thereto was unnecessary in this case and only tended to confuse an already difficult issue. Cf. Paul v. Dwyer, 410 Pa. 229, 188 A. 2d 753 (1963). If erroneous fundamental instructions may have been responsible for the complained of verdict, a new trial is
The defendants requested the charge complained of and attempt to sustain it on the authority of De Rose v. Hirst, 282 Pa. 292, 127 A. 776 (1925), and Nixon v. Pfahler, 279 Pa. 377, 124 A. 130 (1924). Both of these cases involved the correctness of the lower court’s entry of a compulsory nonsuit, and clearly do not stand for the proposition that in cases of this type the court should charge the jury that there is a presumption against negligence.
Judgment reversed and new trial ordered.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
I dissent. An examination of the Court’s charge as a• whole, which is the correct test, convinces me that no error was committed.