92 Va. 91 | Va. | 1895
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellee, who was the complainant in the court below, brought his suit in equity to enforce his mechanic’s lien, against the glass factory of the appellant company, and the parcel of land on which it was built.
There was a demurrer to the bill, which was overruled, and
The first ground of the demurrer is that the bill does not allege that the lien was perfected before the expiration of thirty days from the time the work on the factory terminated. This objection is not well taken, as the bill distinctly avers that the mechanic’s lien was filed “ as provided for in sections 2475 and 2476 of the Code of Yirginia,” and it appears from the copy of the record of the lien, which is filed with the bill as an exhibit, that the work ran through several months, and that the last charge in the account is for the work for the month of October, 1892. The lien was admitted to record in the clerk’s office on November 8,1892, which was within the period the lien is required by statute to be perfected.
Another ground of the demurrer is that the account fails to show the amount and character of the work, and the prices charged therefor. An inspection of the account shows the contrary. The amount and character of the work, the prices charged therefor, the payments made, and the balance due are all fully set forth, in compliance with the statute.
Another ground of demurrer is that “ the bill does not specify or describe any land by metes and bounds, nor any quantity of land upon which the plaintiff claims a lien.” There is filed with the bill as an exhibit, and as a part thereof, a copy of the mortgage made by the Richlands Flint Glass Company for the purpose of issuing bonds to raise the money for the conduct of its business. In this mortgage the parcel of land on which the factory is built is particularly described by metes and bounds, and stated to contain two and seven-tenths acres. The bill seeks to enforce the mechanic’s lien against the factory and this parcel of land on which it was built, and which the company deemed necessary for the convenient use of its factory. The bill clearly designates the
The other ground assigned for the demurrer need not be particularly noticed, as the question it presents is raised, and more properly, by the answer.
The Richlands Flint Glass Company bargained with J. H. Hiltebeitel, the appellee, to do the brick work of the glass factory it proposed to erect, and George McCall, who was then its vice-president, drew up a memorandum of the agreement, which was signed by the appellee. The memorandum merely sets forth the various prices which were to be paid per thousand for laying the brick of the different parts of the factory. It does not specify any mode by which the quantity of brick laid was to be ascertained and settled for. It is wholly silent as to this matter. The difference between the parties as to the method by which the quantity of brick is to be ascertained constitutes the real controversy in this case. The appellant company claims that as the contract does not specify any particular mode, its proper construction is that they are to be ascertained by actual count, and that no evidence can be received to show otherwise, as to do so would be to violate the well-settled rule that parol evidence cannot be received to vary or contradict a contract in writing. The appellee contends, on the other hand, that where a contract for laying brick does not specify any particular mode of ascertaining the quantity, it is to be ascertained by'the custom of the locality, or the usage of trade, which, in this case, would be by measuring the work and allowing so many bricks to the cubic foot. If the quantity is ascertained by measurement, which includes the mortar joints and makes no allowance for small openings, and not by actual count, the quantity of brick thus ascertained is necessarily greater.
“ Extrinsic evidence,” it is said in Browne on Parol Evidence, sec. 57, “ is admissible in the construction of a mercantile contract, to show that phrases or terms used in the
As the contract in this case contains no stipulation as to the method by which the quantity of brick was to be ascertained for settlement, but is silent, or at least ambiguous., in that respect, parol evidence was admissible to show whether there was any agreement between the parties as to this matter, and, if so, what it was; and, if there was no agreement between them, then to show what was the custom of the locality where the contract was made, or the usage of trade, and with reference to which, in the absence of any special agreement, they are to be deemed to have contracted.
In Lowe v. Lehman, 15 Ohio St. 179, the contract was to furnish and lay brick at a certain price per thousand. The controversy there was as to the proper mode of counting, as in the case at bar. The court held that evidence was admissible to show a custom to estimate the quantity of brick by a measurement of the walls on a uniform rule, based on the size of the brick, and deducting for openings in the walls, but not for chimneys or jambs.
In Ford v. Tirrell, 9 Gray 401, the contract was to build the wall of an octangular cellar, at the rate of eleven cents per foot. The only question was as to the mode of measurement. It was held that, the agreement as to the compensation being equivocal and obscure, it was competent to prove a local usage of measuring cellar walls in order to interpret
Hinton v. Looke, 5 Hill 437, was an action on a contract by which the defendant had promised to pay to the plaintiff, who was a carpenter, twelve shillings joer day for every man employed by him in repairing the defendant’s house. The parties differed as to how many hours made a day’s work ; that is, what should be the measurement of the day. It was held that parol evidence was admissible to show that, by an universal usage among carpenters, ten hours’labor constituted a day’s work. So that the plaintiff was entitled to charge one and one-fourth day for every twenty-four hours within which the men worked twelve hours and a half.
In Walls v. Bailey, 49 N. Y. 464, the plaintiff had contracted to do the plastering work of the defendant’s house in Buffalo, at a certain price per square yard. He charged and claimed pay for the full surface of the walls, without deduction for doors, windows, cornices, and base-boards, while the defendant contended that, under the contract, he was only to pay for the plaster actually laid on. Evidence of a custom among plasterers in Buffalo to measure and charge for the entire surface of the walls, without deductions for doors, windows, cornices, and base-boards, was held to be proper.
It is shown by the testimony in this case that at the making of the contract nothing was said as to the manner by which the quantity of brick was to be ascertained. And it is further shown by the testimony that where there is no stipulation as to the mode by which the quantity of brick is to be ascertained, it is to be done according to the custom of the locality and the usage of trade, by measuring the work and allowing twenty-two bricks to the cubic foot. It .was-also proved that the appellee had previously laid brick on other buildings for the same person who represented the appellant company in making the contract in this case, and that the quantity of
The court, therefore, did not err in overruling the objections of the appellant to the parol testimony in the cause, on the ground that it tended to contradict the written contract between the parties, and in holding that the complainant was entitled to have the number of brick in the glass factory laid by contract work estimated and paid for by measurement, computing the same at twenty-two bricks to the cubic foot. And, upon a review of the whole case, we think that the court was right in adopting the report of Commissioner Chapman as the basis of its decree, and overruling all the exceptions taken thereto.
There is no error in the decree of the Circuit Court of Tazewell county, and the same must be affirmed.
Affirmed.