273 F. Supp. 904 | D. Or. | 1967
OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff has a jury verdict for $93,-000.00 against both defendants. Defendants, by their motions for judgments notwithstanding the verdict and for a new trial, seek to set aside the verdict and the judgment entered thereon.
Plaintiff was severely injured while employed by defendants Sumoge in Oregon in April, 1964. The injury resulted when plaintiff’s leg was caught in the drive-shaft of a “brush cutter” machine, manufactured by defendant Caldwell and owned by defendants Sumoge. Defendants Sumoge owned and operated a fruit orchard in which the machine was being used at the time of the accident. Caldwell manufactured the machine at its Texas plant and sold the machine .c.o.d., Corpus Christi, Texas, to Independent Distributors of Portland, an Oregon business concern. The machine was delivered by Independent Distributors to Central
On these facts, I hold that the Oregon Employers’ Liability Act does not apply and that the case should not have been submitted to the jury on that theory. This conclusion finds adequate support in Thomas v. Foglio, 225 Or. 540, 358 P.2d 1066 (1961). It is there held that one who merely sells equipment, which is intended for use and is used by workmen and who, after the sale, is not involved in the use to which the equipment is put, is not an employer under the Act. It is there emphasized that one who merely supplies equipment which is to be used in the course of an employment is not an employer under the Employers’ Liability Act. This is true for the obvious reason that the Act cannot apply unless the defendant, in some sense, has “charge of” or is “responsible for” the work out of which the injury arose. Participation by the defendant in the work is absolutely essential. A
Under no stretch of the imagination can it be said that defendant Caldwell “participated in” the fruit orchard enterprise of defendants Sumoge. Nor can it be said that there was an intermingling of duties and responsibilities between these two parties, as mentioned in Myers v. Staub, 201 Or. 663, 272 P.2d 203 (1954). Caldwell had no direct connection with the Sumoges, nor their orchard problems. True enough, it supplied the equipment, but it did not have “charge of”, nor was it “responsible for” the plaintiff’s work. On these facts, defendant’s sale of its brush cutter to a predecessor in interest of Sumoges is not encumbered with the duties imposed by the Oregon Employers’ Liability Act.
However, I am of the Qpinion that the issue of strict liability was properly submitted against defendant Caldwell. Caldwell manufactured a guard for the particular joint which caused the injury and that fact could well be viewed as evidence that the product, as that word is used in Section 402A of the Restatement, Torts 2d, was in a defective condition, unreasonably dangerous to the user. Furthermore, Caldwell could have foreseen that a user might, from time to time, be compelled to remove debris from around the joint while the motor of the tractor was running, although the power take-off was in neutral. Additionally, Caldwell might have foreseen that the power take-off could be engaged by either the negligence of a third person, such as another operator or a defective take-off appliance, or for that matter, a pure accident. Here, there was substantial evidence that the drive shaft was engaged due to a defective power takeoff. A jury question was presented on the issue of strict liability. Hills v. McGillvrey, 240 Or. 476, 402 P.2d 722 (1965). Caldwell’s motion for a directed verdict or a judgment notwithstanding the verdict is denied. Its motion for a new trial must be granted.
Turning now to the pending motions of the defendants Sumoge. They do not question the propriety of applying to them the duties imposed by the Employers’ Liability Act of the State of Oregon. For that matter, they insist that they are relieved from liability under the provisions of ORS 654.315,
The error in submitting to the jury, Caldwell’s liability under the Oregon Employers’ Liability Act, and the ex-cessiveness of the verdict, make it necesary to offer plaintiff an alternative. If, within ten days from the date of this order, the plaintiff files in this Court a remittitur reducing the amount of the verdict and judgment to $55,000.00, and forgiving that in excess thereof, the motion of the defendants Sumoge for a new trial will be denied. Otherwise, the motion for a new trial will be granted.
It is so ordered.
. ORS 654.305 Protection and safety of persons in hazardous employment generally.
“Generally, all owners, contractors or subcontractors and other persons having charge of, or responsible for, any work involving a risk or danger to the employes or the public, shall use every device, care and precaution which it is practicable to use for the protection and safety of life and limb, limited only by the necessity for preserving the efficiency of the structure, machine or other apparatus or device, and without regard to the additional cost of suitable material or safety appliance and devices.”
ORS 654.310 Protective measures to be observed regarding certain machines, equipment and devices which are dangerous to employes.
“All owners, contractors, subcontractors or persons whatsoever, engaged in the construction, repairing, alteration, removal or painting of any building, bridge, viaduct or other structure, or in the erection or operation of any machinery, or in the manufacture, transmission and use of electricity, or in the manufacture or use of any dangerous appliance or substance, shall see that:
* * * * * *
(4) All dangerous machinery is securely covered and protected to the fullest extent that the proper operation of the machinery permits.”
# -if. # $ sf:
. ORS 654.315 Persons in charge of work to see that ORS 654.305 to 654.335 is complied with.
“The owners, contractors, subcontractors, foremen, architects or other persons having charge of the particular work, shall see that the requirements of ORS 654.305 to 654.335 are complied with.”