41 Wis. 100 | Wis. | 1876
The controlling question in this case arises under the statute of frauds. It is admitted that the plaintiff made an absolute sale of all his right and interest in the land contract in the first instance. And it is further admitted that he executed the written assignment for the purpose of transferring to the defendant the contract according to the real intent of the parties at the time. Roth parties understood that the sale and assignment were unconditional and absolute, made for the consideration expressed. Now it is claimed by the defendant — and this is the ground upon which the defense
In a number of cases which have come before this court, the doctrine has been laid down, that parol proof was admissible to show that a deed absolute on its face was in fact only a mortgage. Sweet v. Mitchell, 15 Wis., 642; Kent v. Agard, 24 id., 378; Kent v. Lasley, id., 654; Wilcox v. Bates, 26 id., 466. But in these and other like cases it was apparent that the conveyance, though absolute in form, was really intended to stand as a security for the payment of a debt, and therefore the courts impressed upon it the character of a mortgage. The correctness of the rule, however, admitting parol evidence to show that this was the naturé of the deed, has often been questioned on principle (Paine, J., in Sweet v. Mitchell, supra); but confessedly the doctrine is too firmly established to be changed by the courts. But.it is obvious that the doctrine of these cases does not extend to the case where the parties, by some subsequent parol agreement, attempt to convert an absolute deed, or an absolute assignment of a land contract, into a conditional one. Here it is said that, subsequent to the assignment of the contract, the parties agreed that the same should be retained and held by the defendant as a security merely for his demands, and that it is competent by parol evidence thus to change the nature of the assignment. The parol agreement, of course, directly contradicts the assignment, by converting an absolute assignment into a conditional one, and
Without dwelling on the exceptions taken to the charge of the court, and to the refusals to give the instructions asked on the part of the defendant, we will say that the rulings of tire court on those points appear to us quite as favorable to the defendant as the law would allow. We have examined all the authorities cited on the brief of the counsel for the defendant, but find nothing in them in conflict with the views above expressed. Dearborn v. Cross, 7 Cow., 48, is the only case which has any bearing on the question before us tending to sustain the position that parol evidence was admissible to change the nature of the assignment; but the facts of that case are so different as to render the decision inapplicable.
We do not think there was any error of which the defendant can complain in the direction of the circuit court as to the amount of the recovery, provided the jury found in favor of the plaintiff. The amount was really settled by the pleadings and the undisputed testimony in the case.
By the Court. — The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.