84 S.E.2d 655 | N.C. | 1954
T. B. RHEINHARDT and G'enn Hemphill, on behalf of themselves and such other citizens of Gaston County as may care to join,
v.
W. Harrelson YANCEY, Mayor, and Ed C. Adams, R. A. Ferguson, Ed Coffey, Nathaniel Barger, Marshall T. Rauch and A. D. Davis, Members of the City Council of the City of Gastonia, North Carolina.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
*657 L. B. Hollowell, Gastonia, for defendants-appellants.
O. F. Mason, Jr., O. A. Warren and R. G. Cherry, Gastonia, for plaintiffs-appellees.
BOBBITT, Justice.
In the exercise of its power to regulate the extension of the boundaries of a municipality, McQuillin on Municipal Corporations, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, sec. 7.10 et seq., the General Assembly in 1947 enacted "An Act to Provide for the Orderly Growth *658 and Extension of Municipalities Within the State of North Carolina", ch. 725, 1947 Session Laws, which, now codified as G.S. § 160-445 et seq., bears directly upon the question presented for decision.
The procedure requires that the municipal governing body give public notice in manner prescribed, "thus notifying the owner or owners of the property located in such territory," that such governing body will meet to consider passage of an ordinance extending the corporate limits to include adjacent territory described by metes and bounds in such notice. If, at such meeting, a petition is filed with such governing body, bearing the signatures of 15% or more of the qualified voters resident in the area proposed to be annexed, requesting a referendum, "the governing body shall, before passing said ordinance, annexing the territory, submit the question as to whether said territory shall be annexed to a vote of the qualified voters of the area proposed to be annexed," G.S. § 160-446. The procedure for the call and conduct of the election is prescribed. G.S. § 160-448. The annexation becomes effective only if and when the majority of the qualified voters in the area proposed for annexation who vote in such election cast their ballots "For Extension." G.S. § 160-449. There is no provision for any lapse of time between successive proposals for annexation or referenda. 25 N.C.L.R. 453-455.
In limine, we note that the municipality pays the costs of such election. G.S. § 160-448. Thus, in the event the votes "For Extension" do not constitute a majority of the votes cast in such election, taxpayers within the present corporate limits bear the entire expense of such election. Taxpayers within the present corporate limits are not parties to this action. No question arises here as to their rights.
The statutory requirements relevant here are mandatory. Therefore, there can be no annexation of the area described in Exhibit B, under the facts alleged, unless and until a majority of the qualified voters in the area proposed to be annexed cast their ballots "For Extension" in an election called and conducted as prescribed; and, in the absence thereof, any attempted annexation by ordinance or otherwise would be void. The gist of the complaint is that the defendants propose to pass at the meeting to be held 3 August, 1954, an annexation statute, which will be in disregard and in violation of the statutory mandate and therefore void.
The question for decision is this: Accepting as true the allegations of the complaint, are the plaintiffs entitled to an order restraining the defendants, as members of the City Council of Gastonia, from passing an ordinance, which, under the facts alleged, would be void? While the precise question seems to be one of first impression in this jurisdiction, the application of recognized general principles to the facts of this case impels a negative answer.
Ordinarily, a court of equity, being vested with judicial, not legislative, powers, has no jurisdiction to interfere with the enactment of an ordinance by the governing body of a municipality in the exercise of powers that are legislative in character. And even when it appears that the proposed ordinance would transcend the legislative powers of the municipal governing body, and would be unconstitutional or otherwise void, a court of equity will intervene and grant injunctive relief only when it appears that irreparable injury will result to plaintiffs from the mere passage of the ordinance as distinguished from injury that may result from the carrying out or enforcement thereof. If the carrying out or enforcement of the ordinance, if and when passed, will cause the injury, it is such conduct on the part of the municipality and its agents that must be enjoined. 43 C.J.S., Injunctions, § 118; 28 Am.Jur., Injunctions, §§ 177 and 178; 14 R.C.L., Injunctions, § 139; 19 R.C.L., Municipal Corporations, § 204; 32 C.J., Injunctions, § 412; Annotation 140 A.L.R. 439 et seq.
Upon the facts alleged, we are unable to perceive how the mere passage of the ordinance, if it should take place as *659 plaintiffs anticipate, would, of itself, cause irreparable injury to plaintiffs. Indeed, the plaintiffs do not so allege, nor do they allege that they have no adequate remedy at law. Irrespective of the availability of an adequate remedy at law, it would seem appropriate, upon the facts alleged, that a court of equity withhold its writ of injunction, "the right arm of a court of equity," until such time as the City of Gastonia, its officials, agents, employees, etc., act or threaten to act in an attempt to effectuate annexation under color of such void ordinance. Ordinarily, equity deals with conduct, actual or threatened, not with how the members of legislative bodies vote. In reaching the conclusion stated, we are mindful of the importance of keeping in proper relation and in careful balance the power and authority vested in our distinct, co-ordinate departments of government, legislative, executive and judicial; for, whatever may be the merits of plaintiffs' cause, a contrary rule would open the door to suits to restrain the adoption of ordinances to such extent as to interfere seriously with the proper functioning of the legislative body. Too, a contrary rule, if carried to its logical conclusion, would warrant, if sufficient facts were alleged, judicial restraint of members of the General Assembly from the passage of legislation alleged to be in conflict with provisions of our organic law. This cannot be done.
The complaint, failing to allege that the passage of the void ordinance will cause irreparable injury or facts from which such irreparable injury may be implied, was insufficient to entitle the plaintiffs to the injunctive relief sought, even though it is alleged that the present purpose of the defendants, acting as the City Council of Gastonia, is to pass an ordinance beyond the scope of its legislative powers. Should such void ordinance be passed, and should the City of Gastonia, its officials, agents, employees, etc., undertake or threaten action thereunder such as would cause irreparable injury to plaintiffs, the plaintiffs will not be without adequate remedy. It would seem that plaintiffs' action is premature. Greenville v. State Highway Comm., 196 N.C. 226, 145 S.E. 31; Ponder v. North Carolina State Board of Elections, 233 N.C. 707, 65 S.E.2d 377.
Statutes providing for the annexation of adjacent territory vary greatly in the several states, McQuillin, op. cit., sec. 7.28, and decisions in other jurisdictions must be considered against the background of the particular statutes. Thus, under certain of these statutes, the annexation proceeding is initiated by a petition signed by a designated number of interested parties, followed by an election, etc., and thereafter, as the final step, the ordinance is adopted. This variance in statutory provisions may account in part for the conflict in other jurisdictions as to whether the validity of an annexation proceeding may be challenged in an action by citizens and taxpayers to obtain injunctive relief or whether challenge thereof can be made only by the state in quo warranto proceedings. McQuillin, op. cit., sec. 7.43.
The acts of the defendants, as members of the City Council, would have significance only to the extent they are deemed to be the acts of the City of Gastonia. Should the plaintiffs' apprehension as to the passage by defendants of a void ordinance prove well-founded, it would seem that the City of Gastonia would be a necessary party to any action wherein the relief sought is to restrain its officials, agents, employees, etc.
For the reasons stated, the judgment overruling the demurrer must be reversed. This necessitates reversal of the order denying defendants' motion to dissolve the temporary restraining order. Temple v. Watson, 227 N.C. 242, 41 S.E.2d 738. It is so ordered.
Reversed.
