24 So. 2d 781 | Miss. | 1946
Appellant was indicted and convicted of manslaughter in the Circuit Court of Covington County and given the maximum penalty of twenty years in the state penitentiary. The prosecution was based on Section 2232, Code 1942, the "culpable negligence" statute. On his appeal here he assigns four errors: Failure of the trial court to grant him a directed verdict; overruling his motion to quash the indictment; and the granting to the state of two instructions.
With reference to the first assignment, it is enough to say that in our judgment the trial court was correct in refusing to instruct the jury peremptorily to acquit the defendant, because the testimony is sharply conflicting and the jury could have approved by their verdict the evidence either for the state or for the appellant, and such verdict would have had evidence to support it. *412
The state offered evidence to show that the deceased, Mr. O.T. Graham, a prominent citizen and president of the Board of Supervisors of Covington County, with his wife, was driving north on Highway 49 about 6 o'clock on Sunday afternoon June 17, 1944, where the highway was straight away. They were driving about 25 or 30 miles an hour and approaching them the appellant, in a Ford coupe, 1934 Model, was driving south somewhat more rapidly while in a drunken condition, crossing and recrossing the center line of the highway, and he drove his car into the side of the car of the deceased, knocked it off the highway into a ditch, threw Mrs. Graham out and inflicted injuries upon Mr. Graham from which he died a few days later in a hospital at Hattiesburg. The evidence offered by the appellant was to the effect that he was not drunk, and it took up his movements from early that morning by several witnesses, until some time after the wreck, when he went to the hospital to see how badly injured were Mr. and Mrs. Graham. Appellant's witnesses also testified that he was not drunk, all during the day, but there was testimony he was drunk at the hospital. A negro hitch-hiker in the car with him stated that he was not drunk and not going from side to side of the road, but that he was driving "pretty good," to use his language, when the accident occurred. Appellant denied he was drunk or zigzagging across the highway and stated that the reason the accident happened was that his left front wheel came off his car, which drove him into the side of the Graham car, an accident he could not prevent or foresee. On this matter of the wheel witnesses for the state and for the appellant, who came upon the scene shortly after the event, contradict each other. We think this brief summary of the different versions of the events leading to the unfortunate tragedy will suffice for the purpose of this opinion.
Appellant, before the trial in the lower court, but after the grand jury had been impaneled and had returned the indictment in this case into open court, and he had *413 been arraigned and plead not guilty, filed the following motion: "Now comes the defendant, Earl Reynolds, and respectfully moves the court to quash the indictment rendered against him in the above styled cause, and to quash the two panels of the petit juries summoned to appear at the present week of the present term of the court for the reason that the manner in which the grand jury for the present term of the court was selected was contrary to law and in violation of the statute prescribing the manner by which the said jury list might be drawn. And the defendant tenders at this time testimony in support of this motion."
The testimony offered in support of this motion was that the Judge had not drawn the grand and petit juries during the regular term as prescribed by Section 1772, Code 1942, but had directed the clerks of the circuit and chancery courts and the sheriff to draw them in accordance with Section 1774, Code 1942. Pursuant to this direction the clerks and the sheriff gathered in the office of the circuit clerk at the time prescribed and proceeded, as one of them testified, to select the names by taking the slips out of the jury box and spreading the same face up on a table so they could see the names of the prospective jurors for the approaching term of circuit court. In answer to this question, "How did you make up the list?" the circuit clerk answered, "We would take up a name and say `Does this name suit the rest of you', and go on through that way in trying to select men who would make good jurors. In my case I tried to suggest men I thought would be able to serve. We would find some who, on account of old age, or being out of the county on some kind of job, or maybe some who were sick or had sickness in their home, maybe some in the service, in order to keep so many from being served who would have to be excused, we would lay their names aside."
It will be remembered that these slips of paper contained the names of jurors placed in the jury box after being selected and procured by the Board of Supervisors *414
according to Section 1766, Code 1942. It will be seen that in effect this action by these officers was a purging or revision of the supervisor's list regularly selected and for which action by the officers there is no sanction of law. It has been condemned several times in this state. The procedure followed here was also followed in the case of Cook v. State,
The case of Shepherd v. State,
In the Shepherd case timely objection was made. In the case at bar the objection was made too late as the strict language of the statute that the impaneling of the grand jury shall be conclusive evidence of its competence and qualifications permits of no exceptions. Again we state that here was not a challenge to the array for fraud. Therefore, in our judgment, while the grand jury was improperly selected it had been impaneled when the motion to quash its indictment was filed and appellant could not thereafter be permitted to challenge its competency or qualification. So, the trial court was correct in overruling the motion to quash the indictment for the reasons stated. The matter of the petit juries will correct itself on remand, when new jurors will be drawn.
The next assignment of error is that the court erred in granting two instructions to the state. The first of these instructions charged the jury that "culpable negligence within the meaning of the statute is that degree of negligence or carelessness which is denominated as gross negligence and which constitutes a departure from what would be the conduct of an ordinarily careful and prudent man under the same circumstances as to furnish evidence of indifference to conseqence." It is unnecessary to discuss this instruction further than to say we have recently twice condemned it. We did so in the case of Smith v. State,
The second instruction challenged by appellant here was confusing and it was also erroneous because referring to culpable negligence, as to which the court had *417 committed an error of definition. The questioned instruction contained, among other things, this language: "if they further believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant . . . by his culpable negligence ran his automobile to the left across the center line going south, and by so doing, if such were the facts, with great force and violence ran into and upon the automobile in which the deceased Graham was riding and operating, thereby causing a wreck and injury to the said deceased Graham, and as a result of said injury the said deceased Graham died, the defendant is guilty as charged in the indictment and the jury should so find." As stated, since the court's definition of "culpable negligence" was incorrect this second instruction based upon the previous erroneous definition thereof was improper.
In our judgment, therefore, the case must be reversed and remanded for the error in the granting of these two instructions, and it is so ordered.
Reversed and remanded.