Rex v. SullivanRex v. Sullivan
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Petitioner Rex was charged with attempted second-degree murder, second-degree kidnapping and sexual assault on a child. Hе sought to compel the attendance of the alleged victim of the crime, a seven-year-old girl, at a preliminary hearing, but thе respondent judge quashed the subpoena on the district attorney’s motion. In this original proceeding in the nature of mandamus, the petitioner challenges that ruling. We issued a rule to show cause why we should not vacate the respondent judge’s order to quash the subpоena. Both parties have responded. We hold under the facts here that the respondent judge properly acted within his discrеtion and therefore we now discharge the rule.
At petitioner’s request, a preliminary hearing was scheduled for October 5. On Octobеr 4, the seven-year-old victim was served with a subpoena issued at the request of the petitioner. As its sole witness at the hearing, the prоsecution produced Detective Teeples, the investigating officer in the case. He testified about what the child had told him аnd other people. He also testified about his own investigation, including admissions made to him by the petitioner and the results of the execution
The respondent court apparently decided to quash the subpoena because it felt that the prosecution’s evidence showed that the child’s testimony would be weak or non-existent on the points raised by the defеnse and that consequently there was no need to require her to appear. The respondent judge made the following statement on quashing the subpoena: “Based upon the reasons why the seven-year-old girl was called to testify in this case relative to being sexually assaulted, the Court does not find that there’s been any evidence prior to this that she made any report one way or thе other as to her condition. And, as to the count of attempted murder, her particular recital is only that he placed his hands upon her throat and made her go to sleep. There may be other testimony or evidence that would or would not support the fаct that a crime had been committed and the Defendant is connected with it. There is no identification of the Defendant, himself, as intеnded by the defense counsel, nor is the intent of the prosecution to attempt to do this through the victim, herself. Therefore, the Court will quаsh the subpoena relative to the seven-year-old victim. . . .”
At the conclusion of the preliminary hearing, during which the petitioner crоss-examined several prosecution witnesses, the court found probable cause for the crimes of second-degree attempted murder and second-degree kidnapping. At the district attorney’s request, the court dismissed the charge of sexual assault on a child.
Petitioner now claims that the judge’s order to quash the subpoena served on the victim deprived him of his constitutional and statutory right tо call witnesses and to introduce evidence in his own behalf at a preliminary hearing. Under the circumstances of this case, we disagree with the claims of the petitioner.
A defendant has no constitutional right to unrestricted confrontation of witnesses and to introduce evidence at a preliminary hearing. By rule, defendants have the right to a preliminary hearing under certain circumstances, аnd pursuant to the rule a defendant “may cross-examine witnesses against him and may introduce evidence in his own behalf.” Crim. P. 7(h)(3). However, the preliminary hearing is not intended to be a mini-trial or to afford the defendant an opportunity to effect discovery.
E.g., People
v. Treat,
In view of this restricted purpose, the preliminary hearing judge “may temper the rules of evidence in the exercise of sound judicial discretion.” Crim. P. 7(h)(3). The right to cross-examine аnd to introduce evidence may be curtailed by the presiding judge consistent with the screening purpose of the preliminary hearing.
See United States
v.
Bates,
Petitioner relies heavily on Kuypers v. Dist. Ct., supra. There a deputy sheriff was the only witness called by the prosecution. He testified that three eyewitnesses idеntified the defendant from a photographic lineup. The record showed that defense counsel’s cross-examination of thе witness regarding the identification procedure was sharply curtailed when the judge sustained the prosecutor’s objections to defense questions. We held that although the rules of evidence may be tempered according to the sound discretion of the judge, the judge cannot completely curtail cross-examination on testimony vital to the issue of probable cause as was donе by refusing to allow the defense counsel to probe the strength of the eyewitness identifications on cross-examination of the dеputy. That case does not control here. Although the respondent judge may have partially curtailed inquiry into matters possibly relеvant to probable cause by quashing the subpoena, he did not completely curtail inquiry, as was true in Kuyper. Petitioner Rex had an opportunity to cross-examine Detective Teeples about all of his testimony. There is no complaint that cross-examination of Teeples was in any way curtailеd. In addition, he was allowed to call other prosecution witnesses, including a physician and a forensic specialist. His inquiry here was only minimally curtailed by the judge’s action. ’
The respondent judge properly exercised his authority under the facts of this case. The finding of probable cause will therefore not be vacated as urged by the petitioner.
The rule is discharged.
MR. JUSTICE KELLEY and MR. JUSTICE ERICKSON do not participate.