579 N.E.2d 11 | Ill. App. Ct. | 1991
Ralph O. RENTH, and Jane R. Renth, Plaintiffs-Appellees and Cross-Appellees,
v.
Clyde R. KRAUSZ, Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee and Cross-Appellant (Binsbacher and Barkau, partnership, Third-Party Defendant-Appellant and Cross-Appellee).
Appellate Court of Illinois, Fifth District.
*12 William F. Kopis, Joshua G. Vincent, Bruce L. Carmen, Hinshaw and Culbertson, Chicago, third-party defendant-appellant and cross-appellee.
Grady E. Holley, Steven J. Rosen, Springfield, for defendant and third-party plaintiff-appellee and cross-appellant, Clyde Krausz.
Thomas Benedick, O'Fallon, for plaintiffs-appellees and cross-appellees, Ralph O. Renth and Jane R. Renth.
Justice HOWERTON delivered the opinion of the court:
Buyers sued seller to rescind a real estate installment contract alleging that seller failed to attach to the contract a certificate of compliance with the building code as required by section 2 of "An Act relating to installment contracts to sell dwelling structures" (Act) (Ill.Rev.Stat.1987, ch. 29, par. 8.22).
That Act states in pertinent part:
"[a]ny installment contract for the sale of a dwelling structure shall be voidable at the election of the buyer unless there is attached to the contract or incorporated therein a certificate of compliance * * *."
The seller filed a third-party complaint against his attorneys alleging that his attorneys were negligent in failing to attach the certificate, and seller moved for summary judgment. The circuit court granted seller summary judgment against his attorneys on the issue of liability.
After a two-day bench trial, the circuit court found in favor of buyers and granted rescission.
The circuit court ordered seller to pay buyers $123,524.34, which is the amount buyers had paid on the contract less reasonable rental, and, on the third-party complaint, ordered seller's lawyers to pay seller $179,630.59. The lawyers appealed, claiming laches barred buyers' claim. We reverse.
Laches is an equitable doctrine that flows from a judicial reluctance to give aid to one who has knowingly slept on her rights. (Nancy's Home of Stuffed Pizza, Inc. v. Cirrincione (1986), 144 Ill. App. 3d 934, 98 Ill. Dec. 673, 494 N.E.2d 795.) If lack of due diligence has caused prejudice to an opponent, laches may be imposed. (See Thurston v. State Board of Elections (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 385, 30 Ill. Dec. 304, 392 N.E.2d 1349.) Necessarily, then, the imposition of laches depends upon the facts of each case (McCartney v. McCartney (1956), 8 Ill. 2d 494, 134 N.E.2d 789), and a court, therefore, may impose laches if it finds that a party unreasonably delayed *13 asserting a known right and that delay unduly prejudiced the opposing party. (Shroeder v. Schlueter (1980), 85 Ill. App. 3d 574, 41 Ill. Dec. 12, 407 N.E.2d 204.) Indeed, the existence of prejudice is so critical that in some instances, a court may impose laches on a claim brought before the statute of limitations has expired. See Miller v. Siwicki (1956), 8 Ill. 2d 362, 134 N.E.2d 321.
We examine the facts to determine whether there was here both delay and prejudice such that the circuit court should have imposed laches to bar buyers' suit to rescind the contract.
To measure delay, we must first inquire when buyers knew they had the right to void the contract. In Illinois, delay is measured from the time a party knew or in some instances should have known of a right to sue. (See Perlman v. First National Bank (1973), 15 Ill.App.3d 784, 305 N.E.2d 236.) When a right to sue is based upon a statute or a public record, Illinois courts have charged a party with constructive knowledge, because "ignorance of the law or legal rights will not excuse delay in bringing suit." (Pyle v. Ferrell (1958), 12 Ill. 2d 547, 555, 147 N.E.2d 341, 345, citing LeGout v. LeVieux (1929), 338 Ill. 46, 169 N.E. 809.) In this case, buyers must be charged with constructive knowledge of the statute that gave them the right to void the contract; therefore, we measure the delay from the time the contract was executed, because it was at this time that they should have known that seller had failed to attach the certificate of compliance. That delay was six years.
We now examine the prejudice. During the six-year delay, the value of the land depreciated by $115,000, a 42% decrease from the $275,000 sale price, a substantial prejudice to defendant. See, e.g., Bledsoe v. Carpenter (1987), 163 Ill.App.3d 823, 114 Ill. Dec. 858, 516 N.E.2d 1013; Hay v. Albrecht (1988), 169 Ill.App.3d 120, 119 Ill. Dec. 743, 523 N.E.2d 211; Shroeder v. Schlueter (1980), 85 Ill.App.3d 574, 41 Ill. Dec. 12, 407 N.E.2d 204.
Buyers argue that laches does not apply and rely upon Courtois v. Millard (1988), 174 Ill.App.3d 716, 124 Ill. Dec. 360, 529 N.E.2d 77, where this court held that a five-year delay in filing suit under the same statute did not justify the imposition of laches.
Though some of the facts in Courtois are similar to those in the case at bar, we find Courtois distinguishable. In Courtois this court simply looked to the delay presented, found it reasonable, but did not specifically address the question of prejudice. To the extent that Courtois is being read as creating a two-step analysis in determining whether to impose laches, Courtois needs explication.
Laches is not another statute of limitations. Indeed, it long has been held that "[l]aches is not, like limitations, a mere matter of time but principally a question of the inequity of permitting the claim to be enforcedan inequity founded upon some change in the condition or relation of the property and the parties. Laches depends on whether, under all the circumstances of the particular case, plaintiff is chargeable with want of due diligence in failing to institute proceedings before he did. It has been defined to be such neglect or omission to assert a right, taken in conjunction with lapse of time of more or less duration, and other circumstances causing prejudice to an adverse party, which will operate as a bar * * *. [Citation omitted.] Where there is such a change in the relations of the parties or such a change in the subject matter of the suit as to render it inequitable to grant relief, it will be refused without reference to the statutory period of limitation." (McKey v. McKean (1943), 384 Ill. 112, 126, 51 N.E.2d 189, 195-96, citing Venner v. Chicago City Ry. Co. (1908), 236 Ill. 349, 86 N.E. 266; Walker v. Ray (1884), 111 Ill. 315; see also Curtis v. Curtis (1947), 398 Ill. 442, 75 N.E.2d 881; Pyle v. Ferrell (1958), 12 Ill. 2d 547, 147 N.E.2d 341.) The question of delay, therefore, is enmeshed in the question of prejudice, and neither Courtois nor this opinion can be read to direct a court first to assess delay, and then, if delay is found, to assess prejudice. Courtois can only be read to *14 hold that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to impose laches.
In that regard, the critical fact in Courtois must be compared with the critical fact in this case; i.e., whether "there is such a change in the relations of the parties or such a change in the subject matter of the suit as to render it inequitable to grant relief." McKey, 384 Ill. at 126, 51 N.E.2d at 196.
In Courtois, there was no evidence that the property had depreciated during the five years that plaintiff had delayed filing suit. Here, however, the property depreciated by $115,000, a 42% depreciation. We find, therefore, that the facts and circumstances in this case warrant imposition of laches, because the delay in making the claim under this statute, six years, in conjunction with the prejudice to the sellers, a 42% depreciation in the value of the land, "renders it inequitable to grant relief."
We, therefore, reverse the circuit court's judgment rescinding the contract.
Reversed.
CHAPMAN and GOLDENHERSH, JJ., concur.
