Reno v. McCully

65 Iowa 629 | Iowa | 1885

Reed, J.

i. guard-oi: must be approved by tbecmirtaud ty^>tcieri?ior sufficientm" bond' The evidence given on the trial shows that the appointment of the guardian was made by the clerk in vacation. At the time of his appointment, the guardian filed a bond conditioned that he would account for and pay over all moneys or other prop - erty belonging to the ward which should come into his hands as such guardian. There was no surety on this bond. It was signed by the guardian alone. The oath of the guardian was indorsed on the bond, and this oath was taken before the clerk/ The bond was recorded by the clerk in the book kept for that purpose, but there is no other evidence of the acceptance or approval by him of said bond. It was also proved that the guardian received certain moneys belonging to plaintiff, and that he has never accounted to plaintiff for said money, and that he is now insolvent, and that plaintiff has attained his majority.

Plaintiff’s position is that it was the duty of the clerk to require the guardian to give a bond at the time’ of his appointment, with sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of his duties as such guardian, and that the appointment of the guardian without requiring such bond was a violation of his official duties, for which the clerk and his sureties are liable on his bond. It is claimed that the duty of the clerk in this respect is prescribed by section 2321 of the Code. This section is as follows: “All bonds relating to probate matters shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court, and shall not be deemed sufficient until examined by the clerk, and his approval indorsed thereon. ” The section occurs in title 16. This title relates principally to matters pertaining to the administration and settlement of the estates of decedents. The rules governing the execution of wills and the admission of the same to probate are prescribed in the title. The appointment of executors and administrators is also provided for, and their powers and duties are defined. The manner of collecting the assets of estates, the establishment of claims against them, and their payment, and the payment of legacies out of the assets, and the descent and distribution of intestate property, are all matters which are governed by the provisions of the statutes contained in this title.

There are also two general provisions in the title with reference to the guardianship of minors and others requiring guardianship. The first is found in section 2312, which provides “ that the circuit court of each county shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction * * * of the persons and estates of minors and others- requiring guardianship.” The second is in section 2315, which provides that the clerk shall have power to appoint guardians, administrators, etc., in vacation. The general provisions of the statute with reference to the matter of guardianship, however, are found in chapter 5 of title 15. The appointment of guardians is provided for in this chapter, and their powers and duties, with reference to the persons and property of their wards are there prescribed. And it is provided in section 2246 that “ guardians appointed to take charge of the property of a minor must give bond, with surety, to be approved by the court, in a penalty * * * conditioned for the faithful discharge of their duties as such guardians according to law.” It is our opinion that section 2321 has no reference to the bonds of guardians, and that it imposes no duty upon the clerk with reference to the approval of such bonds, but that the duty of passing upon the sufficiency of the bond of a guardian is prescribed by section 2246, and that this duty devolves upon the court, and cannot be performed by the clerk in vacation. This conclusion is supported by two satisfactory reasons: (1) Section 2246 occurs in the chapter in which the powers and duties of guardians are prescribed and defined. It provides that a bond shall be given, and that the surety thereon must be approved by the court. Having made this provision for the approval of the bond by the court, it is not to be.presumed that the legislature intended by the subsequent section that it should be re-examined by the clerk, and his approval indorsed thereon. (2) The duty imposed on the clerk by section 2321, by the terms of the section, relates to “ bonds relating to probate matters.”

2 _.__. theiermlerl£: •'probate.” The term “ probate,” when strictly used, relates to the proof of a will before an officer or tribunal having jurisdiction to determine the question of its validity. In common usage, however, it is often used with reference to the proceedings incident to the administration and settlement of the estates of decedents, and it is sometimes used in this sense in the statutes, and we have no doubt but the phrase “ bonds relating to probate matters,” in this section, relates to any and all bonds which executors or administrators may be required to give in the course of their duties. But the term is not used with reference to guardianship, or the legal proceedings incident thereto, either in the law or in common usage. A guardian’s bond is in no sense a bond relating to probate matters. The section, then, relates to bonds given by executors and administrators, and it is clear that it imposes no duty on the clerk with reference to the bonds of guardians. The clerk, then, had the power to appoint the guardian in vacation, but he had no duty to perform with reference to the approval of his bond. That duty devolved upon the circuit court, and it should have been performed at the term following the appointment. The matter complained of does not, therefore, constitute a breach of the clerk’s bond. The circuit court held that it did. The judgment is therefore erroneous, and must be

Reversed.