REEVES v. THE STATE
S13A1524
Supreme Court of Georgia
MARCH 3, 2014
755 SE2d 695 | 294 Ga. 673
BENHAM, Justice.
Appellant Robert Lee Reeves, Jr., was sentenced to life imprisonment upon the jury‘s verdict finding him guilty of felony murder predicated upon aggravated assault.1 The trial court denied appellant‘s motion for new trial brought on the ground of insufficiency of the evidence and on the ground that evidence of a prior attempted rape for which he was previously convicted was improperly admitted as a similar transaction. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence showed the body of victim Crystal Morgan was discovered along a wooded path in Macon on the morning of July 29, 2009. The investigating officer testified that evidence at the crime scene showed there had been a struggle. The autopsy noted superficial lacerations in the anal area and inside the vagina that appeared to have occurred at or near the time of death. The victim had injuries around her neck and petechial pinpoint hemorrhages in the eyes which were consistent with strangulation. Although markings on the victim‘s body were more consistent with strangulation from some type of ligature, the medical examiner could not rule out manual strangulation. The victim‘s underpants were down to her knees and dirt was discovered on the victim‘s hands, face and sandals. Male DNA taken from the victim‘s body was placed in a sexual assault kit and was later matched to the appellant‘s DNA recorded in a database and also to DNA from a buccal swab taken from appellant by police investigators. No other male DNA was found in the samples taken from the victim‘s body. The State also presented similar transaction evidence discussed further in Division 2.
1. We reject appellant‘s assertion that the conviction should be reversed because the evidence was legally insufficient to support it. Although appellant presented no evidence to support it, appellant‘s attorney argued to the jury the theory that appellant, in the days
“Whether the evidence excludes every other reasonable hypotheses is ordinarily a question for the jury, whose finding shall not be disturbed unless the verdict of guilt is unsupportable as a matter of law.” Owens v. State, 286 Ga. 821, 825 (1) (693 SE2d 490) (2010). Further,
circumstantial evidence must exclude only reasonable inferences and hypotheses and it is not necessary that such evidence be devoid of every inference or hypothesis except that of the defendant‘s guilt. The question of whether there was a reasonable hypothesis favorable to the accused is a question for the jury. If a jury is authorized to find that the evidence, circumstantial though it may be, is sufficient to exclude every reasonable hypothesis save that of guilt, the verdict of the jury will not be disturbed by the appellate court unless the verdict is insupportable as a matter of law.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) White v. State, 263 Ga. 94, 97 (1) (428 SE2d 789) (1993). The record reflects the jury was properly charged that, in order to convict on circumstantial evidence, “the facts must not only be consistent with the theory of guilt, but must exclude every other reasonable theory other than the guilt of the accused.” It is apparent from the verdict that the jury in this case
After reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we find that the evidence is sufficient to have authorized the jury to find that the state excluded all reasonable hypotheses except that of the defendant‘s guilt, and to have authorized any rational trier of fact to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979). Roper v. State, 263 Ga. 201, 202 (1) (429 SE2d 668) (1993) (overruling on other grounds recognized in Clark v. State, 271 Ga. 6 (5) (515 SE2d 155) (1999)).
2. We also reject appellant‘s assertion that the conviction should be reversed because evidence of a prior offense was improperly admitted because the two transactions were not sufficiently similar.
Based on a guilty plea to criminal attempt to commit rape, entered by appellant on October 28, 1998, the state filed a notice of intent to introduce evidence of a similar transaction. After a hearing as required by Uniform Superior Court Rule 31.3, the trial court allowed the evidence to be introduced to show the appellant‘s course of conduct and bent of mind, after a limiting instruction was given to the jury. Before evidence of a similar transaction may be introduced, the state must make three affirmative showings: (1) it must identify a proper purpose for admitting the transaction; (2) show that the accused committed the independent offense; and (3) show a sufficient similarity between the independent offense and the crime charged so that proof of the former tends to prove the latter. Williams v. State, 261 Ga. 640, 642 (2) (b) (409 SE2d 649) (1991). Here, the second element is undisputed as appellant pleaded guilty to the 1998 attempted rape. With respect to the first element, the state filed a notice of intent to produce evidence of a similar transaction for the purpose of showing course of conduct, intent, modus operandi, scheme, and bent of mind, all of which were appropriate purposes under Georgia law at the time of appellant‘s trial.3 The issue in this case is whether sufficient similarity exists between the two transactions. The trial
The victim of the earlier crime testified appellant followed her when he saw her walking alone toward a store in the same area of Macon where the victim‘s body was discovered, and that he grabbed her around the neck, pulled her to the ground, pushed her face to the grass, tried to pull her shorts down, and, after choking her with his hands, put his fingers inside her, but she escaped. The victim‘s testimony established the following similarities between the two acts: the two victims were both approximately the same age at the time they were attacked; although the transcript does not establish the previous victim‘s race, the trial court noted in its order that both victims were young African-American women; both victims were choked or strangled; in both instances, the victim‘s clothing was torn and her pants or underpants were pulled down; in both instances, the victim‘s face was pressed into the ground and the victim was sexually assaulted; although they occurred at different locations, each attack occurred in the summer on a path through a wooded empty lot and the lots were within blocks of each other; the 1998 attack occurred at night while the victim was walking alone and the crime at issue in this case apparently occurred at night or in the pre-dawn hours also while the victim was walking alone.
In Reed v. State, 291 Ga. 10 (727 SE2d 112) (2012), this Court clarified the standard by which an appellate court reviews the trial court‘s ruling to admit evidence of similar transactions in a criminal case. Evidentiary rulings are reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard, which, we noted in Reed, is different from and not as deferential as the clearly erroneous/any evidence standard of review. Id. at 13. The trial court‘s factual findings, however, are accepted on appellate review unless clearly erroneous where the purpose of the finding, as in the case of a ruling on the admission of similar transaction evidence, is the application of a mandatory test. Id. at 14. Accordingly, we will not disturb the findings on the issue of similarity or connection of similar transaction evidence unless the finding is clearly erroneous. Id.
Appellant relies upon certain differences in the evidence between the two crimes, but the proper focus in a similar transaction case is on
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
DECIDED MARCH 3, 2014.
David J. Walker, for appellant.
K. David Cooke, Jr., District Attorney, Nancy S. Malcor, Dorothy V. Hull, Assistant District Attorneys, Samuel S. Olens, Attorney General, Patricia B. Attaway Burton, Deputy Attorney General, Paula K. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Rochelle W. Gordon, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.