Reed v. Catlin

49 Wis. 686 | Wis. | 1880

Ltojt, J.

Each of these actions was brought to foreclose a mortgage executed by the defendant Catlin to the plaintiff; and the usual judgment of foreclosure was rendered therein. Catlin made default in both cases, and has appealed from both judgments. The errors assigned for the reversal of the judgments will be considered in their order.

1. The summons and complaint in each action was personally served on the defendant Catlin by a person other than the sheriff, who made an affidavit of such service in each case.

First. In one of the cases the affidavit of service is indorsed upon the summons, and complies fully with the statute in that behalf (R. S., sec. 2642), except that' the time of service is not stated in the body of the affidavit. This omission is assigned as error. The jurat shows the date of signing and swearing to the affidavit, which was several months before the judgment was rendered. The jurat must be read with the body of the affidavit; indeed, without it the paper signed by the person who served the summons and complaint is not an affidavit. "We think the legal presumption is. that the service was made on the day the jurat bears date. Certainly it could not have been made after, although it might have been made before, that date. Reading the body of the affidavit and the jurat together, it seems to us that the statute has been substantially complied with. No object sought by the requirement of the statute in this behalf will fail of. accomplishment if this is held a good affidavit of .service.. The cases in this court cited by the learned counsel for the appellant, to show the insufficiency of the affidavit, all relate to the place or manner of service, or the existence of facts which would authorize other than personal service. In none of those cases was there anything on the face of the affidavit itself to supply the omission held fatal to the service, while in this case the omission in the body of the affidavit is supplied by the jurat. It is believed that those cases are not in conflict with our ruling on the sufficiency of the proof of service in the case under consideration.

Second. In the other case the affidavit of service complies fully with the statute, but it is annexed to the summons instead of being indorsed upon it, as in the former case, and is entitled in the action. The appellant is referred to therein as “ the above-named defendant Francis P. Catlin.” It is said that this reference fails to identify the person served with the defendant of the same name against whom the summons was issued. It is sufficient to say that we perceive no force in the point. We think the affidavit shows a valid service upon the appellant.

2. Each record contains an affidavit by the plaintiff of the non-appearance of the appellant and his failure to answer within the time required bylaw, The venue of these affidavits in the caption is “ Fond du Lac County,” whereas the affidavits were sworn to before the clerk of the district court of Pierce county on the day the judgments were signed. It is manifest that they .were sworn to in the latter county. Error is alleged upon these affidavits because of such mistake in the venue. It is sufficient to say that the statute (R. S.,766, sec. 2891) authorizes the plaintiff to apply to the court for judgment in such cases, on proof (among other things) that no answer or demurrer has been received. The statute does not require an affidavit, and under the decisions of this court the defective affidavits are valid as oaths, and competent proof of the facts stated in them. Burns v. Doyle, 28 Wis., 460; Ball v. Bowe, ante, p. 495.

Moreover, both judgments recite that no answer, demurrer or notice of appearance had been served by the appellant. In the absence of the affidavits, probably the presumption would be that the court found the fact of such default on other legal and sufficient proof not preserved in the record. The statute last cited (section 2891, subd. 1) requires that such proof be filed with the clerk in cases in which the clerk may enter judgment on default. Such filing is a condition precedent to the authority of the clerk to enter the judgment. The clerk is not a judicial officer, and in the absence of the required proof from the record there is no presumption that it was presented to him. The validity of such a judgment must therefore he determined by the record alone. Hence the necessity of the requirement that the'proof be filed -with the clerk. The second subdivision of the section authorizes the plaintiff to apply to the court for judgment in other actions wherein the defendant has made default, “upon the like proof.” The application for judgments in these cases was made under that subdivision. The words “upon the like proof,” contained therein, evidently mean upon proof of the facts required to be shown in subdivision 1 of the section, which confers authority upon the clerk to enter judgment in certain cases on default. We do not think subdivision 2 requires that such proofs be filed. There is no necessity that they should be filed, because they are made in court, and their sufficiency is.determined by the court in the first instance. These observations do not apply to proof of service of process. That must be in writing in all cases, and is of course an essential part of the record. We are speaking of the proof of default alone.

3. Each mortgage contains, a covenant that the mortgagor will pay $50 solicitor’s fees in case the mortgage is foreclosed, and that sum was included in each judgment. The plaintiff appeared in the action in person, and the records do not show that he employed a solicitor. It is claimed that, under these circumstances, the allowance of the stipulated solicitor’s fees is error. The validity of 'such covenants, if reasonable in amount and made in good faith¿ has frequently been maintained by this and other courts. Tallman v. Truesdell, 3 Wis., 443, and cases cited in Judge Dixon’s note. But, because of the unequal terms upon which the parties to a mortgage often meet, covenants for excessive solicitor’s fees are sometimes exacted and given; hence, the'courts closely scrutinize such covenants, and relieve against them if the stipulated sums are excessive. Presumably, such covenants are made with reference to the costs given by law (Hitchcock v. Merrick, 15 Wis., 522); and if the stipulated amount is a sufficient indemnity for solicitor’s services, it seems tbe court may refuse to allow statutory costs. Boyd v. Sumner, 10 Wis., 41.

The cases above cited and others establish the rule that the stipulated sum for solicitor’s fees is not to be included in the foreclosure judgment strieti juris, but the court, in the exercise of a sound discretion, will consider the stipulation with reference to the taxable costs, and will allow such sum pursuant to the stipulation (giving or refusing costs) as under the circumstances of the case shall be considered equitable. Such a covenant is intended as an indemnity for the expenses which, presumably, the mortgagee must incur for professional services in the action in case the mortgage shall be foreclosed; and we are strongly inclined to the opinion that if the mortgagee appear in the foreclosure action in propria, persona, and conduct it himself, without employing a solicitor, nothing should be allowed under a covenant to pay a specified sum for solicitor’s fees. Rut it may well be that a mortgagee so appears, and yet employs a solicitor who does not appear of record, whose services are worth the stipulated sum. In such a case we can scarcely say that it is error to enforce the stipulation.

The allowance or disallowance of the stipulated sum as solicitor’s fees, being within the discretion of the trial court, to be exercised on equitable principles, it is manifest that such discretion should be invoked before this court can review the judgment in that behalf. The judgments in the present cases went by default. Had the defendant moved the circuit court in due time to deduct from them the sums allowed pursuant to the covenants, the parties could have litigated the question whether the plaintiff is or is not entitled to such allowances. They could then have put the court in possession of all the facts material to a proper determination of the question, and the court would have granted or refused the motions according to the equities of the cases as established by the proofs. Had the question been litigated on the trials or on motions to modify tbe judgments, and bad the proofs been preserved in the records, we could determine whether,tbe discretion of the court was properly or improperly exercised. But on the records before ns we cannot say whether the plaintiff was or was not entitled to the stipulated solicitor’s fees. Hence, as the records are made up, we are unable to say that it was error to include the stipulated sums in the judgments.

Moreover, we do not know but that proof was made of facts which clearly entitle the plaintiff to the judgments lie obtained. The records disclose nothing to the contrary. The effect of reversing these judgments for the error alleged would be to permit a defendant in a foreclosure judgment to wait until the period of redemption had elapsed, and until the mortgaged premises had been sold and paid for, the sale confirmed, and the purchaser let into possession, and then to appeal and have a reversal of the judgment for some latent error not disclosed in the record, and which, had the trial court been informed of it, would have been corrected at once, thus giving the defendant another year in which to redeem, and on failure to redeem rendering another sale necessary. A practice leading to results so unjust cannot be tolerated.' It was suggested in the argument that were the judgments modified instead of being reversed, these results would not follow. We have grave doubts whether the suggestion is correct, but do not determine the point.

We-think none of the alleged errors are well assigned, and must therefore affirm both judgments.

By the Court.- — -Judgments affirmed.