The appeal in this case is from an order reinstating a judgment and vacating an earlier order which set aside a prior judgment. The material facts leading up to thе last order are these: ,
In July, 1896, plaintiff brought an action in the circuit court of Lawrence county against defendant to1 obtain judgment upon a written instrument styled therein “a promissory note” the terms of which were as follows:
“$360.00 “Halltown, Mo., Oct. 15, 1895.-
“Six months after date I promise to pay to J. A. Fretwell or bearer, three hundred and sixty dollars, at any bank in Mt. Vernon, Mo., for value received, without defalcation or discount, and with interest from date at the rate of 8 per cent per annum, until fully paid.”
“The consideration of this note is the right grаnted by payee to payor to use, sell or otherwise dispose of, within the limits of the county of Greene and not elsewhere, a certain patent bed braсe, known as the J. A. Fretwell patent and being patent No. 515706, according to the deed of patent granted ' at the patent office 'of the United States of America to J. A. Fretwell, dated February 27, 1894.”
“The payor admits that this is the entire contract between himself and the payee, and that he was not induced to make said contract by, or on account of, any representations of the payee or any agent, but made the same On his own judgment and his own volition.
“Witness my signature and date above written.
“R. D. O. Nicholson.
“Witness, George E. Smith.”
Summons was issued in the cause returnable to the August term, 1896. It was personally served on defendant July 25, 1896, which was twenty-two days before the-beginning of the August term in that year. Defendant did not plead to 'the petition at thе August term; thereupon defendant took default on the fifth judicial day of the term, and final judgment followed on the same day for $381.60 with interest at eight per cent from that time.
At the Fеbruary term, 1897, of the same court, defendant “by leave” filed a motion to set aside the above-mentioned judgment. The motion was read in evidence at the hearing оn the last motion now under review, which will be described further on. The motion of 1897 was based on the following reason assigned therein:
“This suit is not founded upon any bond, bill of exchangе, or promissory note for the direct payment of money or property; defendant was not served with process or notified thirty days before the first day of the August term of this court 1896 and because said action was not subject to final determination at this court at said August term, 1896.”
February 19, 1897, the circuit court made an order reciting the apрearance of all parties to the cause, upon the coming on of said motion to set aside the final judgment, and that the court being fully advised sustained said motion. The court then set aside the judgment, granted defendant leave to file an answer (which was done) and the cause was continued to the next term.
The answer filed by the dеfendant at that time charged, in substance, that the instrument sued upon had been procured from defendant by fraud (the circumstances of which were detailed) and that рlaintiff obtained it with actual knowledge thereof.
The cause was continued thereafter from term to term,
After the decision was announced in the case last cited, plaintiff filed a motion in the circuit court at thе February term, 1901, to set aside the judgment of 1897, vacating the first judgment herein in 1896. That motion is the one now under review. It was based on the alleged reason that the order and judgment of 1897 (by which the earlier judgment was set aside) was “irregular and the court had no jurisdiction to set aside the same.”
On the hearing of the latter motion defendant objected to any testimony on the ground that the motion was not filed within three years from the judgment sought to be vacated. But the court overruled the objection, and defendant excеpted at the time. Then plaintiffs offered in evidence the papers and facts already outlined, upon consideration whereof the court* made an оrder sustaining said motion and entering a judgment setting aside the order of 1897 and declaring that the first judgment of 1896 “remain in force and virtue in law.” Defendant filed a bill of exceptions, рresenting for review the points on which a reversal is now ashed, and took the appeal which is before us for hearing.
A judgment of the circuit court in Missouri may be set aside for irregularity on motion filed in the same court in the same cause within three years after-its rendition, as one section of the code of procedure clearly implies. R. S. 1899, sec. 795. Many decisions recognize that rule of practice. We mention only a few of them. There is no reason to treat the rule as in any respect questionable. Stacker v. Cooper Circuit Court,
In the case in hand both parties appearеd to the motion in 1897 according to the recitals in the record. The order of the court setting aside the first judgment was one which the circuit court had jurisdiction to make. Nо exception was saved at the term when that order was entered. But in view of the opinion of the first division of the Supreme Court in Reed Bros. v. Nicholson,
An irregularity has been defined to be a “want of adherence to some prescribed rule or mode of proceeding; and it consists, either in omitting to do something that is necessary for the due and orderly conducting of a suit, or doing it in an unseasonable time or improper manner.” This definition is transplanted from Tidd’s Practice (1 Tidd Prac., 3 Am. Ed., 512), and has been approved in Branstetter v. Rives,
The supposed irregularity for which the original judgment was vacated consisted in the entry of judgment by default before the proper time. Our statute law requires defendant to plead after the lapse of a given period of time from service of process in suits based on one class of written instruments, while in suits brought upon other instruments-a-different period is defined (R. S. 1899, secs. 568, 597, identical with secs. 2015, 2042, R. S. 1889).
The Supreme Court has held, in a case between the same partiеs (
T,he trial court has the undoubted power, on motion in arrest, to correct any error based upon its interpretations of law as applied to the record proper. Sweet v. Maupin;
When the trial court in this cause discovered that it had fallen into error by its order setting aside the first judgment in view of the fact that the record proper disclosed no irregularity therein, it was competent for that court, while the case remained before it as a pending suit, to correct that error on motion by setting aside its erroneous ruling, notwithstanding the right to have such an error corrected by a higher court on apрeal or writ of error might have been wholly' lost to the parties by reason of the omission to transfix the error by a bill of exception's. Aull v. Day,
The judgment is affirmed.